TABLE 1.

Basic characteristics of included studies.

Author, year	Country	Sample size		Mean age (year)		Interval and dose		Adjuvant	Outcome
		Combination	Comparison	Combination	Comparison	Combination	Comparison
Leder, 2015	America	23	(1) Teriparatide:27	65.3	(1) Teriparatide:66.1	Teriparatide 20 mg daily and denosumab 60 mg every 6 months	(1) Teriparatide 20 mg daily	Calcium Vit D	Lumbar spine BMD Total hip BMD CTX Adverse events
			(2) Denosumab:27		(2) Denosumab:65.1		(2) Denosumab 60 mg every 6 months
Nakamura, 2017	Japan	17	Denosumab:13	75.5	Denosumab:75.1	Teriparatide 20 mg daily and denosumab 60 mg every 6 months	Denosumab 60 mg every 6 months	Calcium Vit D	Lumbar spine BMD Total hip BMD Adverse events
Suzuki, 2018	Japan	17	Denosumab:20	72.2	Denosumab:74.1	Teriparatide 20 mg daily and denosumab 60 mg every 6 months	Denosumab 60 mg every 6 months	Calcium Vit D	Lumbar spine BMD Total hip BMD Adverse events
Tsai, 2013	America	30	(1) Teriparatide:31	65.9	(1) Teriparatide:65.5	Teriparatide 20 mg daily and denosumab 60 mg every 6 months	(1) Teriparatide 20 mg daily	Calcium Vit D	Lumbar spine BMD Total hip BMD CTX Adverse events
			(2) Denosumab:33		(2) Denosumab:66.3		(2) Denosumab 60 mg every 6 months
Idolazzi, 2016	Italy	19	(1) Teriparatide:20	78.0	(1) Teriparatide:76.0	Teriparatide 20 mg daily and denosumab 60 mg every 6 months (teriparatide added to denosumab initiated 3 months earlier)	(1) Teriparatide 20 mg daily	Calcium Vit D	Lumbar spine BMD Total hip BMD CTX
			(2) Denosumab:20		(2) Denosumab:76.0		(2) Denosumab 60 mg every 6 months

BMD, Bone Mineral Density (areal or volumetric); CTX, Serum β-C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen.