TABLE 5.

Facial rejuvenation studies with MN plus with MSCs.

Reference	Sample size	Methods	Results
Wang et al. (24)	30 patients	One side: the protein extracts from medium of ADSCs + MN, the other side: ultrapure water + MN. once every 2 weeks, 6 times	Compared to ultrapure water + MN, the melanin index, skin brightness, gloss, skin roughness, elasticity and wrinkles improved significantly in the protein extracts from medium of ADSCs + MN at the 12th week
Prakoeswa et al. (18)	48 females	24 women: AMSC-CM + MN the other 24 women: NS + MN once every 2 weeks, 3 times	Compared to NS + MN group, mean change of wrinkles, pores, spot-polarized and spot-ultraviolet parameters improved significantly at 8 weeks in AMSC-CM + MN group. At weeks 8, there was no improvement in skin tone
El-Domyati et al. (23)	10 patients	Right side: MN + AF-MSC-CM, left side: MN once every 2 weeks, 5 times;	collagen fibers and elastic fibers remodeling was observed mainly on the right side at 1 month after the final treatment The epidermal thickness on both sides increased similarly

MN: microneedling; MSCs: mesenchymal stem cells; ADSCs: adipose-derived stem cells; AMSC-CM: amniotic membrane stem cell-conditioned media; NS: normal saline; AF-MSC-CM: amniotic fluid mesenchymal stem cell derived conditioned media.