Table 5.

Effectiveness of fertility awareness-based methods in women or couples with subfertility trying to conceive.

N	Population	Mean women's age (years); % prior birth; prior time trying	Study design	FABM	Medical interventions	Live birth or pregnancy rates	References
370	Massachusetts, USA	34.8 years 27% 2.7 years	Cohort	Creighton Model or Sympto-thermal	Multiple medical interventions; subset had surgery for endometriosis	Adjusted 29% live birth rate with up to 2 years of treatment; 40% for women with BMI <25	Stanford et al. (81)
384	Australia	33.1 years Unknown prior birth 51% had tried >1 year	Cohort	Billings	None stated	Women with good cervical fluid: 76% pregnant in 2 years; poor cervical fluid: 44% in 2 years	Marshell et al. (82)
403	Ireland	37.2 years 22% 5.8 years	Cohort	Creighton Model	Multiple medical interventions; subset had surgery for endometriosis	Adjusted 32% live birth rate with up to 2 years of treatment; 33% for women with 3 or more ART attempts	Boyle et al. (80)
187	Heidelberg, Germany	34.7 years 15% 3.5 years	Cohort	Sensiplan	None	Adjusted pregnancy rate 38% at 8 months	Frank-Herrmann et al. (83)
108	Toronto, Canada	35.4 years 20% 3.2 years	Cohort	Creighton Model	Multiple medical interventions; subset had surgery for endometriosis	Adjusted 66% live birth rate with up to 2 years of treatment	Tham et al. (84)
1,072	Galway, Ireland	35.8 years 24% 5.6 years	Cohort	Creighton Model	Multiple medical interventions; subset had surgery for endometriosis	Adjusted 53% live birth rate with up to 2 years of treatment	Stanford et al. (85)