Table 4.
Total energy intake, excess energy intake, and percentages of energy intake from macronutrients among adults KNHANES participants with diabetes mellitus, 2019–2020
| Variable | Total diabetes mellitus | Diagnosed diabetes mellitus | Non- diabetes mellitus | P valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total energy intake, kcal | 1,825 | 1,785 | 1,911 | 0.009 |
| Men | 2,127 | 2,111 | 2,251 | 0.013 |
| Women | 1,439 | 1,402 | 1,596 | <0.001 |
| Excess energy intake, %b | 16.7 | 15.8 | 16.9 | 0.914 |
| Men | 19.5 | 18.9 | 20.5 | 0.637 |
| Women | 13.2 | 12.2 | 13.5 | 0.827 |
| Percentages of energy intake from macronutrients | ||||
| Carbohydrates, % | 66.3 | 66.8 | 62.4 | <0.001 |
| Men | 64.5 | 64.7 | 61.5 | <0.001 |
| Women | 68.6 | 69.2 | 63.3 | <0.001 |
| Protein, % | 15.0 | 14.8 | 15.6 | <0.001 |
| Men | 15.5 | 15.5 | 16.0 | 0.008 |
| Women | 14.3 | 14.0 | 15.1 | <0.001 |
| Fat, % | 18.7 | 18.4 | 22.0 | <0.001 |
| Men | 20.0 | 19.8 | 22.4 | <0.001 |
| Women | 17.1 | 16.9 | 21.6 | <0.001 |
KNHANES, Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
a
P values are for comparing total diabetes mellitus and non-diabetes mellitus,
b
Excess energy intake was defined as 125% or more of the estimated energy requirement recommended by the Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans 2015 [22].