| Declaration of Alma-Ata |
Adopted at the International Conference on Primary Health Care in Alma-Ata (1978) |
The importance of PHC in achieving “Health for All by 2000” around the world was accepted by all member states of the WHO. Health was viewed as “a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being”, essential for contributing to “a better quality and life and world peace”. |
Although it was criticized for being too broad and idealistic, for the first time, the Declaration drew attention to PHC as the frontline for health promotion and prevention of numerous infectious diseases. |
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| Selective Primary Health Care Strategy |
Discussed at the Health and Population Development Conference (1979) and formulated in a paper published in the New England Journal of Medicine
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The concept of low-cost measures targeting common endemic diseases in developing countries was introduced. Initially, growth monitoring, oral rehydration, breastfeeding, immunization (GOBI) were prioritized. Food supplementation, female literacy, and family planning (GOBI-FFF) were additionally emphasized. |
Although the specific approach was realistic and attainable, it was criticized for being narrow in scope and focusing on developing countries. |
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| Sustainable Development Goals |
Adopted by all UN member states in 2015 to achieve 17 goals by 2030 |
This is a call to action by all individuals, public and private structures, academic and political institutions. Of 17 goals, 12 are within health-related framework. Goal 3 Good Health and Well-being calls to promote health at all ages and overcome health crises. To strengthen global health, the following components could be prioritized: Goal 4 Quality Education, Goal 16 Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions, and Goal 17 Partnerships for the Goals. |
One of the critical points refers to monitoring of the right to health which is difficult to achieve. |
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| Declaration of Astana |
Adopted at the Global Conference on Primary Health Care in Astana (2018) |
Health was viewed as the fundamental right of every human being. Sustainable PHC was praised for efficiently responding to outbreaks of infectious diseases. Digital technologies were prioritized for identifying health needs and maintaining health and well-being. Noncommunicable diseases, wars, violence, natural disasters, and environmental factors were viewed as factors of premature deaths. |
The Declaration adopted a wider scope of PHC and encouraged multi-sectoral action to achieve sustainable PHC. Empowering individuals and communities and implementing digital health were envisaged. One of the missing points was the cost-effectiveness of PHC services. |
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| Riyadh Declaration on Digital Health |
Formulated at the Riyadh Global Digital Health Summit (2020) to emphasize the role of digital technologies in fighting pandemics |
The Summit Experts have formulated nine recommendations to focus on evidence-based data, reliable information sources, and improved digital technologies for confronting misinformation and timely disseminating reliable health data. |
Comprehensive and systematic approach to appropriate data collection and analysis is the main priority. Publishing and disseminating data via reliable online platforms is yet another priority for global health. |
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| São Paulo Declaration on Planetary Health |
Adopted at the Planetary Health Annual Meeting and Festival in São Paulo to support “a more equitable and resilient post-pandemic world“ (2021) |
This is a call to focus on social and ecological determinants of health, disease prevention, health promotion, and health equity to save our planet. Health professionals are urged to incorporate planetary health concept in education and practice. Researchers are encouraged to promote open science. |
The implementation of the Declaration implies complex measures aimed primarily at knowledge acquisition, research management, innovations. |
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