Table 1.
Patient characteristics.
| Characteristics | Total (n = 53) |
|---|---|
| Gender, n (%) | |
| Male | 33 (62.3%) |
| Female | 20 (37.7%) |
| TSC gene, n (%) | |
| TSC1 gene mutation | 6 (11.3%) |
| TSC2 gene mutation | 24 (45.3%) |
| TSC genetic test with negative results | 4 (7.5%) |
| Not tested | 19 (35.8%) |
| Characteristics of head MRI, n (%) | |
| Cortical tubers | 35 (66.0%) |
| Subependymal nodules | 39 (73.6%) |
| Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma | 1 (1.9%) |
| Age at onset of epilepsy, median (IQR a ), months | 6.0 (4–16) |
| Psychomotor development at KD initiation, n (%) | |
| Normal | 2 (3.8%) |
| Delayed | 51 (96.2%) |
| Seizure type at KD initiation, n (%) | |
| Focal onset | 20 (37.7%) |
| Generalized onset | |
| Epileptic spasms | 19 (35.8%) |
| Tonic | 7 (13.2%) |
| Tonic-clonic | 2 (3.8%) |
| Clonic | 1 (1.9%) |
| Myoclonic | 1 (1.9) |
| Atonic | 1 (1.9%) |
| Seizure-free | 2 (3.8%) |
| Epilepsy syndrome prior to KD, n (%) | |
| West syndrome | 22 (41.5%) |
| Lennox-Gastaut syndrome | 1 (1.9%) |
| Non-syndromic epilepsy | 30 (56.6%) |
| Number of ASMs used prior to KD, median (IQR) | 5.0 (4–6) |
| Epilepsy duration prior to KD, median (IQR), months | 22.7 (12–41) |
| Age at KD initiation, median (IQR), months | 40.0 (20–57) |
| Duration of KD, median (IQR), weeks | 34.7 (17.4–56.46) |
a
IQR: interquartile range (25–75 percentiles).