Table 1.
Formulations tried with different concentrations of clove oil and whey protein concentrate.
| Emulsion composition | Stability | Antimicrobial activity using 50 µl of emulsions | ||
| Clove oil (%) | WPC (%) | Before heating | After heating | |
| 10% oil | 0.1 | Unstable | Unstable | NA* |
| 0.4 | Unstable | Unstable | NA | |
| 0.5 | Stable | Stable | +** | |
| 0.6 | Unstable | Unstable | NA | |
| 1 | Unstable | Unstable | NA | |
| 4% oil | 0.1 | Unstable | Unstable | NA |
| 0.5 | Unstable | Unstable | NA | |
| 1 | Unstable | Unstable | NA | |
| 2% oil | 0.1 | Unstable | Unstable | NA |
| 0.2 | Stable | Unstable | NS*** | |
| 0.5 | Unstable | Unstable | NA | |
| 1 | Unstable | Unstable | NA | |
| 1% oil | 0.1 | Stable | Stable | NS |
| 0.5 | Stable | Stable | NS | |
| 1 | Stable | Unstable | NS | |
NA* Not analyzed.
+** showed antimicrobial activity, hence selected for further study.
NS*** Not showed the antimicrobial activity.