Skip to main content
. 2022 Apr 20;14:100390. doi: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2022.100390

Table 3.

Description of Animal, food, and environmental studies.

Animal studies (8)
Type of animal (n) Type of sample taken (n)
Cattle (3) Feces (1), Milk (1), Feces &surface swab (1)
Chicken (1) Visceral organ samples (1)
Dog (1) Rectal swab (1)
Goat (1) Different clinical samples (1)
Cockroaches (2) External and internal body samples (2)



Food & Environment studies (n = 16)
Type of food/Environment (n) Type of sample taken (n)
Meat (3), Milk (2), Egg (1) Meat or carcass swabs (3)
Raw milk (2), Egg (1)
Hospital environment (6) Surface swab (4), Air (2), wastewater (1)
Wastewater from urban rivers (2) Water sample (2)
Abattoir/butcher shops/retailer houses (5) A swab from meat & surfaces (4)
Poultry industry (1) Surface swab (2)
Dairy farm (1) Carcass swab & excretes (1)
Transport buses (1) A swab from hand surfaces (1)
Mobile phones (1) Surface swab (1)

N: indicates the number of studies associated with that particular description.