Table 1. . Participant characteristics overall and stratified by coenzyme Q10 usage.
| Characteristic | All (n = 511) | On coenzyme Q10 (n = 64; 12.5%) | Not on coenzyme Q10 (n = 447; 87.5%) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male sex | 276 (54.0%) | 38 (59.4%) | 238 (53.2%) | 0.357 |
| Age started cholesterol-lowering drug (years) | 57.8 ± 10.6 | 58.1 ± 9.6 | 57.8 ± 10.8 | 0.809 |
| Past statin therapy (taken at the onset of SAMS): | ||||
| Atorvastatin | 261 (51.1%) | 38 (59.4%) | 223 (49.9%) | 0.770† |
| Simvastatin | 108 (21.1%) | 14 (21.9%) | 94 (21.0%) | |
| Rosuvastatin | 70 (13.7%) | 6 (9.4%) | 64 (14.3%) | |
| Pravastatin | 39 (7.6%) | 3 (4.7%) | 36 (8.1%) | |
| Lovastatin | 21 (4.1%) | 2 (3.1%) | 19 (4.3%) | |
| Other statin‡ | 12 (2.3%) | 1 (1.6%) | 11 (2.5%) | |
| Statin dose normalized to atorvastatin (mg)§ | 23.0 ± 22.6 | 22.7 ± 20.2 | 23.1 ± 23.0 | 0.641 |
| Current cholesterol-lowering therapy (taken at the time of the survey): | ||||
| None | 257 (50.3%) | 30 (46.9%) | 227 (50.8%) | 0.233† |
| Non-statin | 83 (16.2%) | 12 (18.8%) | 71 (15.9%) | |
| Atorvastatin | 36 (7.1%) | 3 (4.7%) | 33 (7.4%) | |
| Simvastatin | 33 (6.5%) | 8 (12.5%) | 25 (5.6%) | |
| Rosuvastatin | 53 (10.4%) | 4 (6.3%) | 49 (11.0%) | |
| Pravastatin | 40 (7.8%) | 5 (7.8%) | 35 (7.8%) | |
| Lovastatin | 7 (1.4%) | 1 (1.6%) | 6 (1.3%) | |
| Other statin‡ | 2 (0.4%) | 1 (1.6%) | 1 (0.2%) | |
| Statin dose normalized to atorvastatin (mg)§ | 7.1 ± 16.8 | 6.1 ± 13.9 | 7.3 ± 17.2 | 0.971 |
| Coronary artery disease | 108 (21.1%) | 19 (29.7%) | 89 (19.9%) | 0.073 |
| Myocardial infarction | 68 (13.3%) | 13 (20.3%) | 55 (12.3%) | 0.078 |
| Hypertension | 256 (50.0%) | 32 (50.0%) | 224 (50.1%) | 0.987 |
| Smoker | 188 (36.8%) | 33 (51.6%) | 155 (34.7%) | 0.009 |
| Family history of heart disease | 276 (54.0%) | 33 (51.6%) | 243 (54.4%) | 0.674 |
| Hypothyroidism | 69 (13.5%) | 10 (15.6%) | 59 (13.2%) | 0.595 |
| Heavy alcohol consumption | 14 (2.7%) | 1 (1.6%) | 13 (2.9%) | 1.000† |
| Obesity | 103 (20.2%) | 20 (31.3%) | 83 (18.6%) | 0.018 |
| Kidney disease | 11 (2.2%) | 2 (3.1%) | 9 (2.0%) | 0.636† |
| Diabetes | 79 (15.5%) | 10 (15.6%) | 69 (15.4%) | 0.969 |
| Family history of muscle disease | 32 (6.3%) | 8 (12.5%) | 24 (5.4%) | 0.047 |
| Metabolic muscle disease | 15 (2.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 15 (3.4%) | 0.236† |
| Inflammatory muscle disease | 46 (9.0%) | 5 (7.8%) | 41 (9.2%) | 0.722 |
| Liver disease | 13 (2.5%) | 1 (1.6%) | 12 (2.7%) | 1.000† |
| SAMS resolved | 153 (29.9%) | 16 (25.0%) | 137 (30.7%) | 0.356 |
Data are presented as n (%) or mean ± standard deviation.
Bold values represent p < 0.05.
†
Fisher's exact tests.
‡
Other statins include cerivastatin, fluvastatin and pitavastatin.
§
The statin dose was counted as 0 for participants taking a non-statin or no statin.
SAMS: Statin-associated muscle symptoms.