Table 3.
Major differentially expressed miRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs in PC tissue and cell lines, their targets and biological functions. Compiled and modified from [55,57,58,59] and references therein, with additions from [60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69].
| Upregulated miRNAs (Oncogenic Function) |
Target Genes/Pathways | Biological Functions in PC |
|---|---|---|
| miR-10a | HOXA1 | 🠙 invasion |
| miR-15b | SMURF2 | 🠙 EMT |
| miR-17-5p | E2F4, RBL2/E2F4-complex | 🠙 proliferation |
| miR-21 | Bcl-2, FasL, Fox01, PDCD4, PTEN, RECK, TPM1, TIMP3 | 🠙 chemoresistance, 🠙 invasion, 🠙 proliferation, 🠙 metastasis, 🠙 EMT, 🠛 apoptosis |
| miR-23a | APAF1, FZD5, HNF1B, TMEM92 | 🠙 proliferation, 🠛 apoptosis |
| miR-23b | JAK2, PI3K, PTEN, ATG12, AKT/NF-κB | 🠙 proliferation, 🠙 tumor growth, 🠙 migration, 🠙 invasion |
| miR-24 | Bim, FZD5, HNF1B, TMEM92 | 🠙 cell growth, 🠙 EMT |
| miR-27a | Sprouty2 | 🠙 proliferation, 🠙 migration, 🠙 colony formation |
| miR-29a | Wnt/β-catenin | regulates transcription factors |
| miR-92a | DUSP10 | 🠙 proliferation |
| miR-155 | Foxo3a, KRAS, ROS, SEL1L, MLH1, SOCS1, TP53INP1 | 🠙 invasion, 🠙 migration, 🠙 proliferation, 🠙 tumor growth |
| miR-181a | PTEN, MAP2K4, TNFAIP1 | 🠙 migration, 🠙 proliferation |
| miR-181b | BCL-2, CYLD | 🠙 chemoresistance |
| miR-196a | NFKBIA, ING5 | 🠙 migration, 🠙 proliferation |
| miR-191 | USP10 | 🠙 proliferation |
| miR-210 | Pancreatic stellate cells | 🠙 EMT, 🠙 invasion |
| miR-214 | ING4 | 🠛 chemosensitivity |
| miR-221 | p27kip1, PTEN, p57kip2, PUMA, TIMP2, TRPS1 | 🠙 invasion |
| miR-222 | p57, MMP2, MMP9 | 🠙 invasion |
| miR-223 | FBw7 | 🠙 EMT |
| miR-320a | PDCD4 | 🠙 EMT, 🠛 apoptosis |
| miR-365 | BAX, SHC1 | 🠛 apoptosis |
|
Downregulated miRNAs
(tumor suppressive function) |
Target Genes/Pathways | Biological Function in PC |
| miR-26a | CCNE2, TP53 | 🠛 proliferation, 🠛 phosphorylation of TP53 |
| miR-29c | ITGB1, MMP2, FRAT2, LRP6, FZD4, FZD5 | 🠛 cell growth, 🠛 migration, 🠛 invasion, 🠛 metastasis |
| miR-30a | FOXD1 | 🠛 proliferation, 🠛 cell cycle, 🠙 apoptosis, 🠙 chemosensitivity |
| miR-31 | BCL2 | 🠛 chemoresistance |
| miR-33a | AKT, β-catenin, PIM-kinase | 🠛 proliferation |
| miR-34a | BCL2, NOTCH1, NOTCH2 | 🠛 proliferation, 🠛 invasion, 🠙 apoptosis |
| miR-96 | NUAK1 | 🠛 proliferation, 🠛 invasion, 🠛 migration |
| miR-100 | FGFR3 | 🠙 chemosensitivity, 🠛 proliferation |
| miR-101-3p | RRM1 | interferes with DNA synthesis |
| miR-107 | CDK6 | 🠛 proliferation |
| miR-130b | STAT3 | 🠛 proliferation, 🠛 invasion |
| miR-141 | MAP4K4, TM4SF1, YAP1 | 🠛 proliferation, 🠛 colony formation, 🠛 migration, 🠛 invasion |
| miR-143 | ARHGEF1, ARHGEF2, KRAS | 🠛 invasion, 🠛 migration, 🠛 metastasis |
| miR-145 | KRAS, RREB1, ROR, MUC13 | 🠛 cell cycle, 🠛 proliferation, 🠛 invasion |
| miR-146a | EGFR, IRAK1, MTA-2 | 🠛 invasion |
| miR-148a | DNMT1, CCKBR, BCL-2, CDC25B | 🠛 proliferation, 🠛 metastasis, 🠛 cell growth |
| miR-148b | AMPKα1, DNMT1 | 🠛 cell growth, arrests cell cycle, modifies methylation of tumor suppressors |
| miR-150 | MYB, MUC4 | 🠛 proliferation, 🠛 invasion, 🠛 migration, 🠙 intercellular adhesion, 🠙 apoptosis |
| miR-200c | MUC4, MUC6, E-cadherin | 🠛 invasion, 🠙 proliferation |
| miR-211 | RRM2 | 🠛 invasion |
| miR-216a | JAK2, Beclin-1 | 🠛 proliferation, 🠙 apoptosis, 🠙 radiosensitivity |
| miR-217 | KRAS, SIRT1 | 🠛 cell growth, 🠛 colony formation, regulation of EMT |
| miR-335 | OCT4 | 🠛 tumor development, 🠛 clonogenic expansion |
| miR-365 | BAX, SHC1 | 🠙 chemorsistance |
| miR-375 | PDK1 | 🠛 cell growth, 🠛 proliferation, 🠙 apoptosis |
| let-7 | ZEB1/N-cadherin | 🠛 EMT, 🠛 invasion |
|
Upregulated lncRNAs
(oncogenic function) |
Target Genes/miRNAs/Pathways | Biological Function in PC |
| H19 | HMGA2, E2F, let-7, miR-675, -194 | 🠙 proliferation, 🠙 tumor growth, 🠙 metastasis |
| HOTAIR | EZH2, miR-34a | 🠙 proliferation, 🠙 chemoresistance |
| HOTTIP | HOXA9, HOXA13, miR-137 | 🠙 cell growth, 🠙 invasion, 🠙 chemoresistance, modulates stem cells |
| MALAT-1 | Sox-2, EZH2, miR-200c, -216a, -217, Hippo-YAP | 🠙 cell growth, 🠙 migration, 🠙 invasion, 🠙 metastasis |
| PVT1 | p21, miR-20a-5p, -448, -519, HIF-1, YKT6, RAB7, VAMP3, ULK1 | 🠙 proliferation, 🠙 migration, 🠙 chemoresistance |
|
Downregulated lncRNAs
(tumor suppressive function) |
Target Genes/miRNAs/Pathways | Biological Function in PC |
| GAS5 | CDK6, miR-32, -181c, -221/SOCS3 | 🠛 metastasis, 🠙 chemosensitivity, reverses EMT |
| MEG | c-Met, PI3K/AKT | 🠛 proliferation, 🠛 migration, 🠛 invasion |
|
Upregulated circRNAs
(oncogenic function) |
Target genes/miRNAs/pathways | Biological function in PC |
| ci-RS-7 | EGFR, STAT3; Sponges miR-7. | 🠙 proliferation, 🠙 invasion |
| circEIF6 | SLC7A11, PI3K/AKT; Sponges miR-557. | 🠙 proliferation, 🠛 apoptosis |
| circFOXK2 | ANK1, GDNF, PAX6, NUF2, PDXK; Sponges miR-942. |
🠙 proliferation, 🠙 migration, 🠙 invasion |
| circBFAR | MET/PI3K/Akt.; Sponges miR-34b-5p. | 🠙 proliferation, 🠙 motility |
| circ-ASHL2 | Notch 1; Sponges miR-34a. | 🠙 proliferation, 🠙 invasion, 🠙 angiogenesis |
| circHOT1 | E2F3; Sponges miR-125a, -330, -26b and -382. | 🠙 proliferation, 🠙 migration, 🠙 invasion |
| circRNA_100782 | IL6, STAT3; Sponges miR-124 | 🠙 proliferation, 🠙 tumor growth |
| hsa_circ_0071036 | Bcl-2, caspase-3; Sponges miR-489 | 🠙 proliferation, 🠙 invasion, 🠙 tumor growth |
| hsa_circ_0007534 | Sponges miR-625 and -892b. | 🠛 apoptosis |
|
Downregulated
circRNAs (tumor suppressive function) |
Target Genes/miRNAs/Pathways | Biological Function in PC |
| circNFIB1 | PIK3R1, VEGF-C; Sponges miR-486-5p | 🠛 lymph node metastasis |
| hsa_circ_001587 | SLC4A4, MMP-2, MMP-9, MCM2, VEGF; Sponges miR-223. | 🠛 proliferation, 🠛 migration, 🠛 invasion, 🠛 angiogenesis |
🠙 = increase, 🠛 = decrease or inhibition, EMT = epithelial to mesenchymal transition.