Fig. 5.

Flank marking and aggression in WT, heterozygote (Het), and KO hamsters. (A) Flank marking exhibited by WT, heterozygote, and KO hamsters when exposed to a cage previously marked by a same-sex conspecific. (B) Flank marking exhibited by WT, heterozygote, and KO hamsters exposed to clean and odor-marked cages. (C) Aggression exhibited by WT, heterozygote, and KO hamsters when exposed to a same-sex conspecific. Bars connected by brackets and lines indicate significant post hoc differences. Numbers inside bars or above indicate n. (D) Representative behavioral images. In i and ii, a M hamster flank marks the corner of a Plexiglas cage. In iii and iv, a larger F attacks and pins a smaller F.