. 2022 Jun 7;23(2):121–133. doi: 10.1038/s41577-022-00734-z

Table 1.

Ongoing clinical trials of host-directed immunotherapies for tuberculosis

Immunotherapy	Mechanism	Trial acronym	Patient population	Main end points	Clinical trial number
CC-11050	Phosphodiesterase inhibitor; inhibits cytokine production	DRTB-HDT	Rifampin-resistant TB	Sputum culture conversion and lung function	Horizon 2020: project 847465
N-acetylcysteine (NAC)	Restores reduced form of glutathione; anti-oxidant	NAC-TB sub-study of TB-SEQUEL	Rifampin-susceptible TB	Sputum culture conversion and lung function	ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03702738
		PanTB-HM	Rifampin-susceptible TB	Durable cure, drug-induced liver injury, lung function	EDCTP: RIA2019AMR-2647
		NAC TRIAL	Rifampin-resistant TB	Adverse drug reactions	PACTR: 202007736854169
Metformin	AMPK activator; inhibits mTOR	METHOD	HIV-1-infected plus rifampin-susceptible TB	Sputum culture conversion and lung function	ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04930744
Metformin	AMPK activator; inhibits mTOR	DRTB-HDT	Rifampin-resistant TB	Sputum culture conversion and lung function	Horizon 2020: project 847465
Statins	Lipid-lowering and anti-inflammatory	STAT-TB	Rifampin-susceptible TB	Safety and pharmacokinetics	ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03882177
		ATOR-TUB	Rifampin-susceptible TB	Sputum culture conversion	ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04721795
		Statin-TB	Post-TB treatment	PET-CT glycolytic activity	ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04147286
Imatinib	Tyrosine kinase inhibitor	IMPACT-TB	Healthy volunteers	Pharmacokinetics, myeloid cell numbers, whole blood mycobactericidal activity	ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03891901
Cyclooxygenase inhibitors	Inhibit prostaglandin synthesis	SMA-TB	Adult TB	Composite symptom score	ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04575519

EDCTP, European & Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership; mTOR, mechanistic target of rapamycin; PACTR, Pan-African Clinical Trials Registry; PET-CT, positron emission tomography-computed tomography; TB, tuberculosis.