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. 2022 May 9;119(20):e2117381119. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2117381119

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1.

Mechanistic model framework for testing how effects of parasites on the survival (αS), fecundity (αF), and resource intake (αI) of herbivorous hosts affect the population (biomass) dynamics of parasites, free-living parasite propagules, hosts, and producers. Arrows indicate fluxes between compartments, and rates written next to arrows are per capita of the compartment where the arrow begins. Dashed lines indicate life-cycle transitions for the parasite.