Effect of the concentration of ferrous ions in solution on the bacterial and chemical leaching of sphalerite. (A) Results in the presence of 10% (vol/vol) T. ferrooxidans inoculum; (B) results in absence of bacteria (i.e., chemical leaching). The solution conditions were as follows: Fe3+ concentration, 1.0 g/liter; density of solids, 5 g/liter; temperature, 35°C; pH, 1.6; O2 concentration, 5.9 mg/liter.