Table 1.
Reward | Reward magnitude | DA signal size | Subjective state (satiety) | RP during CS | Impact of CS prediction on US (reward) signal size | Signal transfer from US to CS, % | Positive RPE (bigger reward) | Negative RPE (reward omission) | Encoding summary | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NAS | ↑ | X | •••• | X | X | ↓ | 42 | X | X | Partial RPE |
NAC | ↑ | X | •••• | X | X | ↓ | 80 | X | X | Full RPE |
DMS | ↑ | X | •• | X | X | 59 | X | Quantitative RP + reward | ||
DLS | ↑ | (x) | • | X | ↓ | 47 | RP + reward | |||
VLS | ↑ | •• | X | ↓ | 80 | RP | ||||
TS | ↑ | • | X | ↓ | 89 | RP |
Dopamine signals across the six sampled striatal domains encode information related to rewarding stimuli in a multifaceted, region-specific manner, where signals differ qualitatively and quantitatively, yet adhere to unifying organizing principles. Dopamine dynamics in all striatal domains responded to US presentation (food pellet) in a consistent manner, where dopamine increased to the reward, in some regions even relative to reward magnitude and subjective internal state. Dopamine responded to the CS (predictive of the US; reward prediction) in almost all regions, but the impact of and signal transfer to CS (from US) differed substantially between regions, and only some regions exhibited dopamine dynamics that resembled an RPE. DA, dopamine; RP, reward prediction; RPE, reward-prediction error.