Table 1.
Car clinical trials
| Trial | Outcomes | Adverse effects | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Target | Agent | Trial ID + references | Status | Phase | Study population | Enrollment (N) | ORR (%) | Median PFS (months) | Grade ≥ 3 CRS (%) | Grade 3 NTX (%) |
| BCMA | CAR-BCMA |
[37] |
Completed | 1 | RRMM | 24 | 81 | 7.75 | 25 | 4 |
| BCMA | CAR T-BCMA (UPenn) |
[46] |
Completed | 1 | HRMM | 25 | 48 | 2.7 | 32 | 12 |
| BCMA | BCMA CAR |
[109] |
Completed | 1 |
RRMM (extramedullary) |
3 (data published for 1 patient) |
100 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
| BCMA | Idecabtagene vicleucel (bb2121) |
(CRB-401) [110] |
Active, not recruiting | 1 | RRMM | 67 | 76 | 8.8 | 6 | 3 |
| BCMA | Idecabtagene vicleucel (bb2121) |
(KarMMa-4) [111] |
Recruiting | 1 | NDMM, HRMM | 60 | 76 | 8.8 | 6 | 3 |
| BCMA | bb21217 |
(CRB-402) [112] |
Active, not recruiting | 1 | RRMM | 72 | 55 | 11.9 | 4 | 6 |
| BCMA |
Zevorcabtagene autoleucel (CT053) |
(LUMMICAR-1) [113] |
Recruiting | 1 | RRMM | 62 | 87.5 | 18.8 | 6 | 3 |
| BCMA |
Zevorcabtagene autoleucel (CT053) |
[114] |
Active, not recruiting | 1 | RRMM | 18 | 87.5 | Not yet reached | 0 | 4 |
| BCMA |
Zevorcabtagene autoleucel (CT053) |
[114] |
Active, not recruiting | 1 | RRMM | 11 | 87.5 | Not yet reached | 0 | 4 |
| BCMA |
Zevorcabtagene autoleucel (CT053) |
[114] |
active, not recruiting | 1 | RRMM | 6 | 87.5 | Not yet reached | 0 | 4 |
| BCMA | C-CAR088 | NCT04322292 [115] | Recruiting | 1 | RRMM | 10 | 95.2 | Not yet reached | 5 | 0 |
| BCMA | C-CAR088 | NCT03815383 [115] | Unknown | 1 | RRMM | 12 | 95.2 | Not yet reached | 5 | 0 |
| BCMA | C-CAR088 |
[115] |
Unknown | 1 | RRMM | 10 | 95.2 | Not yet reached | 5 | 0 |
| BCMA | C-CAR088 |
[115] |
Unknown | 1 | RRMM | 10 | 95.2 | Not yet reached | 5 | 0 |
| BCMA | BCMA nanobody CARs |
[116] |
Unknown | 1 | RRMM | 15 | 88.2 | 12.1 | 2.9 | 0 |
| BCMA |
FCARH143 (53) |
NCT03338972 | Active, not recruiting | 1 | RRMM | 28 | 100 | Not yet reached | 6 | 0 |
| BCMA | HRAIN Biotechnology |
[117] |
Unknown | 1 | RRMM | 10 | 86 | Not yet reached | 0 | 0 |
| BCMA | IM21 CAR T | NCT04537442 | Recruiting | 1 | RRMM, age ≥ 60 | 10 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| BCMA | IM21 CAR T | NCT03711864 | Recruiting | 1 | RRMM | 15 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| BCMA | BCMA-specific CAR T + gamma-secretase inhibitor LY3039478 |
[55] |
Suspended | 1 | RRMM | 18 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| BCMA | KITE-585 | NCT03318861 | Active, not recruiting | 1 | RRMM | 17 | 7 | 1 | 21 | 21 |
| BCMA | CC-98633 | NCT04394650 | Recruiting | 1 | RRMM | 80 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| BCMA | Human BCMA-targeted T Cells | NCT04003168 | Recruiting | 1 | RRMM | 18 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| BCMA | BCMA CAR T cells | NCT05150522 | Recruiting | 1 | RRMM | 10 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| BCMA | anti-BCMA CAR T (carbiogene) | NCT04637269 | Recruiting | 1 | RRMM | 16 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| BCMA | BCMA CAR T + immune inhibitors | NCT03943472 | Recruiting | 1 | RRMM | 10 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| BCMA | BCMA-UCART | NCT03752541 | Recruiting | 1 | RRMM | 20 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| BCMA | CXCR4-modified anti-BCMA CAR T cells | NCT04727008 | Not yet recruiting | 1 | RRMM | 12 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| BCMA | BCMA-targeted CAR T cells | NCT04670055 | Not yet recruiting | 1 | RRMM | 50 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| BCMA | BCMA-CAR T cells | NCT04186052 | Unknown | 1 | RRMM | 10 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| BCMA | NEXI-002 | NCT04505813 | Recruiting | 1 | RRMM | 22 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| BCMA | BCMA CAR T | NCT03559764 | Unknown | 1 | RRMM | 20 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| BCMA | BCMA CAR T | NCT04626752 | Recruiting | 1 | RRMM | 50 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| BCMA | CBG-002 | NCT04706936 | Recruiting | 1 | RRMM | 25 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| BCMA | FHVH-BCMA-T | NCT03602612 [58] | Active, not recruiting | 1 | RRMM | 35 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| BCMA | HB10101 | NCT04720313 | Recruiting | 1 | RRMM | 48 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| BCMA | CAR T-ddBCMA | NCT04155749 | Recruiting | 1 | RRMM | 65 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| BCMA | BCMA CAR T | NCT03322735 | Unknown | 1 | RRMM | 10 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| BCMA | CAR T re-treatment | NCT03672253 | Unknown | 1 | RRMM | 20 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| BCMA |
CT103A (IBI326) |
NCT05066646 (FUMANBA-1) | Recruiting | 1 | RRMM | 132 | 94.9 | Not yet reached | 3 | 0 |
| BCMA |
CT103A (IBI326) |
NCT05201118 | Not yet recruiting | 1 | RRMM (extramedullary) | 20 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| BCMA |
CT103A (IBI326) |
NCT05181501 | Not yet recruiting | 1 | NDMM, HRMM | 20 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| BCMA | LCAR-BCX | NCT04601935 | Recruiting | 1 | RRMM | 34 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| BCMA | PHE885 |
[118] |
Recruiting | 1 | RRMM | 48 | NA | NA | NA | 0 |
| BCMA | JWCAR129 | NCT04677452 | Recruiting | 1 | RRMM | 24 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| BCMA | LCAR-B4822M | NCT03674463 | Unknown | 1 | RRMM | 10 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| BCMA | ALLO-715 CAR + ALLO-647 (anti-CD52 mAb) |
(UNIVERSAL) |
Active, not recruiting | 1 | RRMM | 132 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| BCMA | BCMA nanobody CAR T cells | NCT03664661 | Recruiting | 1 | RRMM | 15 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| BCMA | P-BCMA-ALLO1 | Not yet recruiting | 1 | RRMM | 40 | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
| BCMA |
MCARH171 + lenalidomide |
[119] |
Active, not recruiting | 1 | RRMM | 20 | 64 | NA | 20 | 0 |
| BCMA and/or CD19 | anti-BCMA-CD19 CAR T | NCT03767725 | Unknown | 1 | RRMM | 10 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| BCMA and/or CD19 | Autologous BCMA CAR T cells and CD19 CAR T cells | NCT04194931 | Unknown | 1 | RRMM | 20 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| BCMA and CD19 | CAR T-BCMA + huCART19 | NCT03549442 | Active, not recruiting | 1 | HRMM | 40` | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| BCMA or CD19 | CD19/BCMA-targeted CAR T cells + dasatinib | NCT04603872 | Recruiting | 1 | RRMM | 120 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| CD138 or integrin β7 or SLAMF7 or CD38 or BCMA | CAR T therapy | NCT03778346 | Recruiting | 1 | RRMM | 30 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| BCMA x CD19 | BCMA/CD19 dual-target CAR T cell | NCT04412889 | Not yet recruiting | 1 | RRMM | 18 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| BCMA x CD19 | GC012F | NCT04236011 [120] | Recruiting | 1 | RRMM | 33 | 94.7 | Not yet reached | 10.5 | 0 |
| BCMA x CD19 | GC012F | NCT04617704 | Active, not recruiting | 1 | NDMM, HRMM | 15 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| BCMA x CD19 | GC012F | NCT04182581 [120] | Unknown | 1 | RRMM | 18 | 94.7 | Not yet reached | 10.5 | 0 |
| BCMA x CD19 | BCMA/CD19 CAR T | NCT04795882 | Not yet recruiting | 1 | RRMM | 24 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| BCMA x CD19 | BCMA-CD19 cCAR T cells | NCT04162353 [52] | Recruiting | 1 | RRMM | 12 | 95 | 8 | NA | NA |
| BCMA x CD19 | Anti-CD19/BCMA CAR T cells | NCT03706547 | Recruiting | 1 | RRMM | 20 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| BCMA x TACI | TriPRIL CAR T Cells | NCT05020444 | Recruiting | 1 | RRMM | 18 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| BCMA x TACI | APRIL CAR T cells | NCT04657861 | Not yet recruiting | 1 | RRMM | 36 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| BCMA x TACI | AUTO2 |
[121] |
Terminated | 1 | RRMM | 12 | 43 | Not published | 0 | 0 |
| BCMA x SLAMF7 | CS1/BCMA Bispecific CAR | NCT04662099 | Recruiting | 1 | RRMM | 24 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| BCMA x SLAMF7 | BCMA-CS1 cCAR T cells | NCT04156269 | Unknown | 1 | RRMM | 12 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| BCMA | Idecabtagene vicleucel (bb2121) |
(KarMMa-7) |
Recruiting | 1/2 | RRMM | 415 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| BCMA |
Ciltacabtagene autoleucel (JNJ-68284528, LCAR-B38M) |
NCT03548207 (CARTITUDE-1) [122] |
Active, not recruiting | 1/2 | RRMM | 126 | 98 | Not yet reached | 4 | 10 |
| BCMA |
Ciltacabtagene autoleucel (JNJ-68284528, LCAR-B38M) |
(LEGEND-2) [123] |
Active, not recruiting | 1/2 | RRMM | 100 | 88 | 19.9 | 41 | 0 |
| BCMA |
Orvacabtagene autoleucel (JCARH125) |
(EVOLVE) [124] |
Active, not recruiting | 1/2 | RRMM | 169 | 91 | Not yet reached | 2 | 4 |
| BCMA |
Zevorcabtagene autoleucel (CT053) |
(LUMMICAR-2) [125] |
Recruiting | 1/2 | RRMM | 105 | 100 | Not yet reached | 0 | 0 |
| BCMA | P-BCMA-101 |
(PRIME) |
Active, not recruiting | 1/2 | RRMM | 220 | 57 | Not yet reached | 2 | 0 |
| BCMA | DESCARTES 08 | NCT04816526 | Recruiting | 1/2 | NDMM, HRMM | 30 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| BCMA | DESCARTES 11 | NCT03994705 | Recruiting | 1/2 | RRMM | 18 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| BCMA | ARI0002h | NCT04309981 [126] | Recruiting | 1/2 | RRMM | 36 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| BCMA | PBCAR269A + nirogacestat (gamma-secretase inhibitor) | NCT04171843 | Recruiting | 1/2 | RRMM | 48 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| BCMA | BCMA CAR T cells | NCT04272151 | Recruiting | 1/2 | RRMM | 40 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| BCMA | BCMA-targeted prime CAR T cells | NCT04776330 | Recruiting | 1/2 | RRMM | 80 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| BCMA | BCMA CAR T cells | NCT04271644 | Recruiting | 1/2 | RRMM | 80 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| BCMA | Anti-BCMA-CAR Transduced T cells | NCT02954445 | Unknown | 1/2 | RRMM | 45 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| BCMA | SENL-B19 | NCT03312205 [127] | Recruiting | 1/2 | RRMM | 50 | NA | NA | 19 | NA |
| BCMA | ALLO-605 CAR + ALLO-647 (anti-CD52 mAb) | NCT05000450 | Active, not recruiting | 1/2 | RRMM | 136 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| BCMA | spCART-269 | NCT04500431 | Recruiting | 1/2 | RRMM | 10 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| CD138 and BCMA and CD19 | CAR T-138/BCMA/19/MORE |
[128] |
Recruiting | 1/2 | RRMM | 10 | 80 | NA | NA | 0 |
| NY-ESO-1 + CD38 + BCMA + CD19 | MULTI-target CAR T cell | NCT03638206 | Recruiting | 1/2 | RRMM | 73 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| BCMA, CD38, CD138, CD56 | MULTI-CAR T | NCT03271632 | Recruiting | 1/2 | RRMM | 20 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| BCMA x CD38 | Dual Specificity CD38 and BCMA CAR T | NCT03767751 | Recruiting | 1/2 | RRMM | 80 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| BCMA x CD19 | GC012F | NCT04935580 | Recruiting | 1/2 | NDMM, HRMM | 20 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| BCMA x CD19 | CD19-BCMA CAR T cells | NCT04714827 | Recruiting | 1/2 | RRMM | 24 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| BCMA and CD19 | anti-CD19 and anti-BCMA CAR + auto-HSCT | NCT03455972 | Recruiting | 1/2 | NDMM, HRMM | 15 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| BCMA | Idecabtagene vicleucel (bb2121) |
NCT03361748 (KarMMa) [129] |
Active, not recruiting | 2 | RRMM | 149 | 73 | 8.8 | 5 | 3 |
| BCMA | Idecabtagene vicleucel (bb2121) | NCT03601078 (KarMMa-2) | Recruiting | 2 | NDMM, RRMM | 181 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| BCMA | Idecabtagene vicleucel (bb2121) | NCT05032820 | Not yet recruiting | 2 | RRMM | 40 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| BCMA |
Ciltacabtagene autoleucel (JNJ-68284528, LCAR-B38M) |
NCT04133636 (CARTITUDE-2) [130] |
Recruiting | 2 | NDMM, RRMM | 160 | 95 | Not yet reached | 10 | 0 |
| BCMA |
Ciltacabtagene autoleucel (JNJ-68284528, LCAR-B38M) |
(CARTIFAN-1) |
Recruiting | 2 | RRMM | 130 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| BCMA | DESCARTES 08 | NCT03448978 | Recruiting | 2 | RRMM | 30 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| BCMA | DESCARTES 11 | NCT04436029 | Recruiting | 2 | NDMM, HRMM | 30 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| BCMA | PHE885 | NCT05172596 | Not yet recruiting | 2 | RRMM | 100 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| BCMA | BMCA-targeted CAR T | NCT03931421 | Recruiting | 2 | RRMM | 30 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| BCMA x PD-1 | BCMA-PD-1-CAR T Cell | NCT04162119 | Recruiting | 2 | RRMM | 30 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| BCMA | Idecabtagene vicleucel (BB2121) |
NCT03651128 (KarMMa-3) [131] |
Recruiting | 3 | RRMM | 381 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| BCMA |
Ciltacabtagene autoleucel (JNJ-68284528, LCAR-B38M) |
(CARTITUDE-4) |
Active, not recruiting | 3 | RRMM | 419 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| BCMA |
Ciltacabtagene autoleucel (JNJ-68284528, LCAR-B38M) |
(CARTITUDE-5) |
Recruiting | 3 | ASCT ineligible MM patients | 650 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| BCMA | BCMA-directed CAR T cells + lenalidomide | NCT04287660 | Recruiting | 3 | NDMM | 20 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| BCMA |
Ciltacabtagene autoleucel (JNJ-68284528, LCAR-B38M) |
NCT05201781 | Not yet recruiting | 4 | Janssen-sponsored cilta-cel patients | 228 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| CD19 | CTL019 |
[91] |
Completed | 1 | RRMM | 10 | 80 | Not published | 0 | 0 |
| CD19 | CAR T-19 cells | NCT02794246 | Terminated | 2 | RRMM | 6 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| SLAMF7 | CS1-CAR T Therapy | NCT03710421 | Recruiting | 1 | RRMM | 30 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| SLAMF7 | UCARTCS1A |
(MELANI-01) |
Recruiting | 1 | RRMM | 18 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| SMLAF7 | CS1-targeted CAR T cells | NCT04541368 | Not yet recruiting | 1 | RRMM | 50 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| SLAMF7 | Anti-SLAMF7 CAR T cells | NCT03958656 | Completed | 1 | RRMM | 13 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| SLAMF7 | SLAMF7 CAR T |
(CARAMBA-1) |
Recruiting | 1/2 | RRMM | 38 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| GPRC5D | CAR-GPRC5D | NCT05219721 | Not yet recruiting | 1 | RRMM | 18 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| GPRC5D | GPRC5D-CAR T | NCT05016778 | Recruiting | 1 | RRMM | 15 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| GPRC5D | MCARH109 | NCT04555551 | Active, not recruiting | 1 | RRMM | 17 | 83 | Not yet published | 8 | 0 |
| CD138 | CAR138 T Cells | NCT03672318 | Recruiting | 1 | RRMM | 33 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| CD138 | CAR T-138 |
[95] |
Recruiting | 1/2 | RRMM | 10 | 80 | NA | 0 | 0 |
| CD38 | CAR2 Anti-CD38 A2 CAR T Cells | NCT03464916 | Active, not recruiting | 1 | RRMM | 72 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| CD70 | CD70 CAR | NCT04662294 | Recruiting | 1 | RRMM | 108 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| NKG2D | CM-CS1 T cell infusion |
[85] |
Completed | 1 | RRMM | 12 | NA | NA | 0 | 0 |
| NKG2D | NKR-2 (CYAD-01) |
(THINK) [86] |
Recruiting | 1/2 | RRMM | 146 | 46 | NA | 18.8 | 0 |
| TnMuc1 | CAR T-TnMUC1 |
[94] |
Recruiting | 1 | RRMM | 112 | NA | NA | 0 | 0 |
| CD44v6 | MLM-CAR44.1 T cells | NCT04097301 | Terminated | 1/2 | RRMM | 48 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| MMG49 | OPC-415 | NCT04649073 | Recruiting | 1/2 | RRMM | 49 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| PD-1 x not published | Novel CAR T | NCT04191941 | Unknown | 1 | RRMM | 9 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| no data published | C-4–29 Dual-target CAR T cells | NCT04861480 | Recruiting | NA | RRMM | 18 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
RRMM = relapsed/refractory MM, NDMM = newly diagnosed MM, HRMM = high-risk MM, ORR = overall response rate, PFS = progression-free survival, CRS = cytokine release syndrome, NTX = neurotoxicity