Table 4.

Results from multilevel models examining firstborn characteristics and structure-and control-based feeding of secondborns^a

	Limiting Exposure to Unhealthy Foods	Consistent Mealtime Routines	Pressure	Restriction
	Estimate (SE)	Estimate (SE)	Estimate (SE)	Estimate (SE)
Model 1 Negative Affect (n = 100)
Intercept	3.64 (0.39)***	4.16 (0.36)***	0.88 (0.44)*	1.40 (0.60)*
Measurement time point (Secondorn age in years)	0.31 (0.04)***	0.12 (0.05)*	−0.28 (0.06)***	−0.32 (0.07)***
Firstborn Characteristic	−0.12 (0.10)	−0.27 (0.09)**	0.38 (0.12)**	0.01 (0.16)
Model 2 Surgency (n = 100)
Intercept	3.75 (0.49)***	3.33 (0.47)***	2.94 (0.57)***	2.02 (0.78)*
Measurement time point (Secondborn age in years)	0.31 (0.04)***	0.12 (0.05)*	−0.28 (0.06)***	−0.32 (0.07)***
Firstborn Characteristic	−0.04 (0.12)	0.04 (0.12)	0.10 (0.14)	0.09 (0.19)
Model 3 Regulation (n = 100)
Intercept	3.92 (0.50)***	3.18 (0.47)***	3.10 (0.58)***	2.96 (0.78)***
Measurement time point (Secondborn age in years)	0.31 (0.04)***	0.12 (0.05)*	−0.28 (0.06)***	−0.32 (0.07)***
Firstborn Characteristic	−0.006 (0.11)	0.15 (0.10)	−0.07 (0.13)	−0.11 (0.17)
Model 4 Appetite (n = 90)
Intercept	3.48 (0.35)***	3.41 (0.32)***	2.22 (0.38)***	1.88 (0.51)***
Measurement time point (Secondborn age in years)	0.34 (0.04)***	0.15 (0.04)**	−0.31 (0.07)***	−0.36 (0.08)***
Firstborn Characteristic	0.04 (0.06)	0.06 (0.05)	−0.04 (0.06)	0.08 (0.08)
Model 5 Rapid Weight Gain (n = 116)
Intercept	3.81 (0.15)***	4.03 (0.14)***	2.03 (0.18)***	2.63 (0.23)***
Measurement time point (Secondborn age in years)	0.29 (0.04)***	0.11 (0.05)*	−0.30 (0.06) ***	−0.35 (0.07)***
Firstborn Characteristic	0.03 (0.05)	−0.003 (0.05)	0.01 (0.06)	0.10 (0.07)

† < 0.10,* < 0.05,** < 0.01,*** < 0.001

^aModels adjusted for birth spacing, study group and FB characteristics