Table 2.
Univariate association of cefixime, azithromycin and ciprofloxacin resistance/susceptibility and patient characteristics, 2019
| Cefixime resistance | Azithromycin resistance | Ciprofloxacin resistance | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%, 95% CI) | Odds ratio | 95% CI | p value | N (%, 95% CI) | Odds ratio | 95% CI | p value | N (%, 95% CI) | Odds ratio | 95% CI | p value | |
| Site of infection (n = 2904) | ||||||||||||
| Urogenital (2076)a | 18 (0.9, 0.5–1.4) | 0.40* | 171 (8.2, 7.1–9.5) | 1 | 1152 (55.5, 53.4–57.6) | 1 | ||||||
| Anorectal (475) | 1 (0.2, 0.0–1.2) | 48 (10.1, 7.7–13.1) | 1.25 | 0.89–1.75 | 0.19 | 298 (62.7, 58.3–67.0) | 1.35 | 1.09–1.66 | < 0.01 | |||
| Pharyngeal (262)a | 2 (0.8, 0.2–2.7) | 35 (13.4, 9.8–18.0) | 1.72 | 1.16–2.54 | < 0.01 | 163 (62.5, 56.4–68.1) | 1.33 | 1.02–1.74 | 0.03 | |||
| Other (91) | 1 (1.1, 0.2–2.7) | 9 (9.9, 5.3–17.7) | 1.22 | 0.60–2.48 | 0.58 | 56 (61.5, 51.3–70.9) | 1.28 | 0.83–1.97 | 0.26 | |||
| Sexual orientation and sex (n = 1955) | ||||||||||||
| MSM (908) | 3 (0.3, 0.1–1.0) | 0.045* | 75 (8.3, 6.6–10.2) | 1 | 542 (59.7, 56.5–62.8) | 1.9 | 1.54–2.42 | < 0.01 | ||||
| Male heterosexual (545) | 4 (0.7, 0.3–1.9) | 40 (7.3, 5.4–9.8) | 0.88 | 0.59–1.31 | 0.53 | 285 (52.3, 48.1–56.5) | 1.4 | 1.12–1.83 | < 0.01 | |||
| Female (502)b | 8 (1.6, 0.8–3.1) | 35 (7.0, 5.0–9.5) | 0.83 | 0.59–1.26 | 0.39 | 217 (43.4, 39.1–47.8) | 1 | |||||
| Previous gonorrhoea (n = 981) | ||||||||||||
| Yes (228) | 1 (0.4, 0.0–2.4) | 0.41* | 18 (7.9, 6.0–9.8) | 1.03 | 0.59–1.78 | 0.92 | 138 (60.5, 54.1–66.6) | 1.68 | 1.24–2.28 | < 0.01 | ||
| No (753) | 1 (0.1, 0.0–0.8) | 58 (7.7, 5.1–12.1) | 1 | 359 (47.7, 44.1–51.2) | 1 | |||||||
| Concurrent chlamydia (n = 1075) | ||||||||||||
| Yes (228) | 2 (0.9, 0.2–3.1) | 0.20* | 20 (8.8, 5.8–13.2) | 1.02 | 0.61–1.71 | 0.94 | 95 (41.7, 35.5–48.2) | 1 | ||||
| No (847) | 2 (0.2, 0.0–0.9) | 73 (8.6, 7.0–10.7) | 1 | 502 (59.3, 55.9–62.5) | 2 | 1.51–2.75 | < 0.01 | |||||
| HIV status (n = 1065) | ||||||||||||
| Positive (139) | 0 (0.0, 0.0–2.7) | 1.00* | 15 (10.8, 6.6–17.0) | 1.25 | 0.70–2.23 | 0.46 | 81 (59.3, 50.0–66.1) | 1.2 | 0.84–1.72 | 0.32 | ||
| Negative (926) | 3 (0.3, 0.1–0.9) | 82 (8.9, 7.2–10.9) | 1 | 498 (53.8, 50.6–57.0) | 1 | |||||||
| Age (n = 3106) | ||||||||||||
| < 25 years (883)b | 7 (0.8, 0.4–1.6) | 1 | 0.72 | 75 (8.5, 6.8–10.5) | 1 | 457 (51.9, 48.6–55.2) | 1 | |||||
| ≥ 25 years (2223) | 15 (0.7, 0.4–1.1) | 0.85 | 0.35–2.09 | 193 (8.7, 7.6–9.9) | 1.02 | 0.77–1.35 | 0.87 | 1307 (58.8, 56.7–60.8) | 1.3 | 1.13–1.55 | < 0.01 | |
MSM men who have sex with men. Bold letters indicate significance
*Fishers exact test (n < 5)
aOne isolate had no ciprofloxacin result
bTwo isolates had no ciprofloxacin results