Table 2.
Motor and non-motor assessments of pre-FoG and non-FoG subjects at baseline and their evolution of MDS-UPDRS scores
| Non-FoG | Pre-FoG | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 115) | (n = 68) | ||
| Motor assessments | |||
| Categorical Hoehn & Yahr | 0.505 | ||
| Stage 1 | 54 (47.0%) | 30 (44.1%) | |
| Stage 2 | 61 (53.0%) | 37 (54.4%) | |
| Stages 3–5 | 0 (0.00%) | 1 (1.47%) | |
| Total Rigidity Score | 3.00 [2.00;6.00] | 3.50 [2.00;5.00] | 0.888 |
| TD/PIGD classification | 0.003* | ||
| TD | 90 (78.3%) | 37 (54.4%) | |
| PIGD | 14 (12.2%) | 19 (27.9%) | |
| Indeterminate | 11 (9.57%) | 12 (17.6%) | |
| PIGD score | 2.00 [1.00;3.00] | 3.00 [3.00;4.00] | < 0.001 |
| Tremor Score | 4.00 [2.00;6.00] | 3.00 [1.75;5.00] | 0.302 |
| Modified Schwab & England ADL Score | 95.0 [90.0;100] | 90.0 [90.0;100] | 0.106 |
| MDS-UPDRS Part II Score | 4.00 [2.00;7.00] | 6.00 [3.00;9.25] | 0.004* |
| MDS-UPDRS Part III Score | 18.0 [14.0;24.5] | 21.0 [15.8;25.0] | 0.205 |
| MDS-UPDRS Total Score | 28.0 [21.0;36.0] | 33.5 [25.8;41.0] | 0.009* |
| Non-motor assessments | |||
| MDS-UPDRS Part I Score | 5.00 [2.00;6.00] | 6.00 [2.75;7.00] | 0.031* |
| MDS-UPDRS Part I Features of Dopamine Dysregulation Syndrome | 0.629 | ||
| 0 | 113 (98.3%) | 66 (97.1%) | |
| 1 | 2 (1.74%) | 2 (2.94%) | |
| MDS-UPDRS Part I Fatigue | < 0.001* | ||
| 0 | 64 (55.7%) | 31 (45.6%) | |
| 1 | 49 (42.6%) | 24 (35.3%) | |
| 2 | 2 (1.74%) | 9 (13.2%) | |
| 3 | 0 (0.00%) | 4 (5.88%) | |
| MDS-UPDRS Part I Anxious Mood | 0.665 | ||
| 0 | 75 (65.2%) | 42 (61.8%) | |
| 1 | 37 (32.2%) | 23 (33.8%) | |
| 2 | 2 (1.74%) | 3 (4.41%) | |
| 3 | 1 (0.87%) | 0 (0.00%) | |
| MDS-UPDRS Part I Apathy | 0.369 | ||
| 0 | 100 (87.0%) | 55 (80.9%) | |
| 1 | 14 (12.2%) | 13 (19.1%) | |
| 2 | 1 (0.87%) | 0 (0.00%) | |
| MDS-UPDRS Part I Depressed Mood | 0.713 | ||
| 0 | 88 (76.5%) | 49 (72.1%) | |
| 1 | 24 (20.9%) | 16 (23.5%) | |
| 2 | 3 (2.61%) | 3 (4.41%) | |
| MDS-UPDRS Part I Cognitive Impairment | 0.414 | ||
| 0 | 88 (76.5%) | 48 (70.6%) | |
| 1 | 26 (22.6%) | 18 (26.5%) | |
| 2 | 1 (0.87%) | 2 (2.94%) | |
| MDS-UPDRS Part I Hallucinations and Psychosis | 1.000 | ||
| 0 | 110 (95.7%) | 65 (95.6%) | |
| 1 | 5 (4.35%) | 3 (4.41%) | |
| MOCA Score (adjusted for education) | 28.0 [26.5;29.0] | 27.0 [25.0;29.0] | 0.008* |
| UPSIT Score | 23.0 [17.0;28.0] | 20.0 [14.8;29.0] | 0.385 |
| Benton Judgement of Line Orientation Score | 14.0 [12.5;15.0] | 14.0 [12.0;15.0] | 0.667 |
| Epworth Sleepiness Scale Score | 5.00 [3.00;6.50] | 6.00 [4.00;9.00] | 0.004* |
| REM SleepBehavior Disorder Questionnaire Score | 3.00 [2.00;5.50] | 3.00 [2.00;5.00] | 0.794 |
| Geriatric Depression Scale Score | 2.00 [1.00;3.00] | 2.00 [1.00;3.00] | 0.211 |
| STAI Total Score | 60.0 [51.0;75.0] | 64.0 [49.8;70.5] | 0.990 |
| Any QUIP disorder | 28 (24.3%) | 12 (17.6%) | 0.266 |
| SDMT Score | 44.0 [37.0;50.0] | 37.5 [32.8;45.0] | < 0.001* |
| HVLT Immediate/Total Recall | 25.0 [22.0;30.0] | 23.5 [20.8;26.0] | 0.004* |
| HVLT Discrimination Recognition | 10.0 [9.00;11.0] | 10.0 [9.00;11.0] | 0.282 |
| HVLT Retention | 0.90 [0.78;1.00] | 0.88 [0.74;1.00] | 0.247 |
| SCOPA-AUT Gastrointestinal Score | 1.00 [0.00;2.00] | 2.00 [1.00;4.00] | 0.008* |
| SCOPA-AUT Urinary Score | 3.00 [2.00;5.00] | 4.00 [2.00;6.00] | 0.076 |
| SCOPA-AUT Cardiovascular Score | 0.00 [0.00;0.00] | 0.00 [0.00;1.00] | 0.085 |
| SCOPA-AUT Thermoregulatory Score | 1.00 [0.00;2.00] | 1.00 [0.00;2.00] | 0.781 |
| SCOPA-AUT Pupillomotor Score | 0.00 [0.00;3.00] | 0.00 [0.00;2.00] | 0.733 |
| SCOPA-AUT Sexual Dysfunction Score | 0.00 [0.00;2.00] | 0.00 [0.00;2.00] | 0.758 |
| SCOPA-AUT Total Score | 7.00 [4.50;11.0] | 8.00 [6.00;13.2] | 0.064 |
| Semantic Fluency Total Score | 50.0 [45.0;59.0] | 47.0 [41.8;56.0] | 0.053 |
| Letter Number Sequencing Score | 11.0 [9.00;13.0] | 10.0 [9.00;12.0] | 0.129 |
| MCI test score (= 1) | 0.10 (0.30) | 0.19 (0.40) | 0.087 |
| Evolution of MDS UPDRS scores at year five (pre-FoG n = 68, non-FoG n = 115) | |||
| Change of MDS-UPDRS Part I | 3.00 [1.00;5.50] | 5.00 [2.00;9.00] | 0.004* |
| Change of MDS-UPDRS Part II | 3.00 [1.00;6.00] | 7.00 [3.00;11.0] | < 0.001* |
| Change of MDS-UPDRS Part III | 9.00 [4.00;17.0] | 13.5 [6.50;22.0] | 0.066* |
P <0.05 was presented with ‘*’