Table 3.
Univariate analysis of demographic, motor, non-motor and imaging parameters at baseline for FoG onset during the 5-year follow up
| Index | OR | 95% CI | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic characteristics | ||||
| Age (years) | 1.03 | 1.00 | 1.06 | 0.064 |
| Age at Symptom Onset | 1.03 | 1.00 | 1.07 | 0.042* |
| Duration of Disease since Diagnosis (Months) | 0.99 | 0.94 | 1.04 | 0.768 |
| Gender, female | 0.92 | 0.48 | 1.79 | 0.815 |
| Years of education | 1.01 | 0.91 | 1.11 | 0.892 |
| Family members with PD (any) | 0.86 | 0.55 | 1.32 | 0.485 |
| Side most affected at PD onset | 0.87 | 0.49 | 1.54 | 0.633 |
| Motor assessments | ||||
| Categorical Hoehn & Yahr | 1.18 | 0.65 | 2.13 | 0.580 |
| Total rigidity score | 0.98 | 0.87 | 1.10 | 0.677 |
| TD/PIGD classification (TD) | 0.33 | 0.17 | 0.64 | 0.001* |
| TD/PIGD classification (PIGD) | 2.80 | 1.30 | 6.04 | 0.009* |
| TD/PIGD classification (Indeterminate) | 2.03 | 0.84 | 4.89 | 0.116 |
| PIGD score | 1.90 | 1.46 | 2.47 | < 0.001* |
| Tremor | 0.94 | 0.85 | 1.04 | 0.241 |
| MDS-UPDRS part II score | 1.11 | 1.03 | 1.20 | 0.007* |
| MDS-UPDRS part III score | 1.02 | 0.99 | 1.06 | 0.208 |
| Modified Schwab & England ADL score | 0.96 | 0.90 | 1.01 | 0.101 |
| Non-motor assessments | ||||
| MOCA score | 0.82 | 0.72 | 0.95 | 0.006* |
| MDS-UPDRS part I score | 1.12 | 1.02 | 1.23 | 0.018* |
| MDS-UPDRS Part I Hallucinations and Psychosis | 1.02 | 0.23 | 4.39 | 0.984 |
| MDS-UPDRS Part I Apathy | 1.42 | 0.66 | 3.07 | 0.373 |
| MDS-UPDRS Part I Features of Dopamine Dysregulation Syndrome | 1.71 | 0.24 | 12.4 | 0.595 |
| MDS-UPDRS Part I Fatigue | 1.97 | 1.26 | 3.09 | 0.003* |
| UPSIT score | 0.99 | 0.95 | 1.02 | 0.445 |
| Benton Judgement of Line Orientation score | 0.96 | 0.83 | 1.11 | 0.581 |
| REM sleep behavior disorder questionnaire score | 1.00 | 0.89 | 1.12 | 0.973 |
| Epworth Sleepiness Scale score | 1.14 | 1.04 | 1.26 | 0.006* |
| Geriatric Depression Scale score | 1.06 | 0.92 | 1.23 | 0.393 |
| STAI total score | 1.00 | 0.98 | 1.02 | 0.916 |
| QUIP score | 0.85 | 0.50 | 1.44 | 0.547 |
| SDMT score | 0.95 | 0.91 | 0.98 | < 0.001* |
| HVLT Immediate/Total Recall | 0.92 | 0.86 | 0.98 | 0.007* |
| SCOPA-AUT total score | 1.06 | 1.01 | 1.11 | 0.030* |
| SCOPA-AUT cardiovascular score | 1.39 | 0.92 | 2.10 | 0.113 |
| SCOPA-AUT gastrointestinal score | 1.26 | 1.07 | 1.48 | 0.005* |
| SCOPA-AUT pupillomotor score | 0.76 | 0.45 | 1.27 | 0.290 |
| SCOPA-AUT sexual dysfunction score | 1.05 | 0.87 | 1.27 | 0.599 |
| SCOPA-AUT thermoregulatory score | 0.98 | 0.79 | 1.21 | 0.834 |
| SCOPA-AUT urinary score | 1.13 | 1.02 | 1.25 | 0.020* |
| Semantic Fluency total score | 0.97 | 0.94 | 1.00 | 0.039* |
| Letter Number Sequencing score | 0.90 | 0.80 | 1.01 | 0.067 |
| MCI test score (= 1) | 2.23 | 0.94 | 5.32 | 0.069 |
| SPECT-DAT | ||||
| Mean caudate DAT uptake | 0.41 | 0.22 | 0.76 | 0.005* |
| Mean putamen DAT uptake | 0.17 | 0.06 | 0.60 | 0.006* |
| Mean striatum DAT uptake | 0.26 | 0.11 | 0.63 | 0.003* |
P <0.05 was presented with ‘*’