Skip to main content
. 2022 Jun 7;22:1136. doi: 10.1186/s12889-022-13534-w

Table 3.

Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression analysis of sleep quality and sleep duration associated with overweight/obesity among total sample and by sex and age

Variables Total Boys Girls Children aged 8–13 years Adolescents aged 14–16 years
OR (95%CI) p OR (95%CI) p OR (95%CI) p OR (95%CI) p OR (95%CI) p
Univariable model 1
Sleep Quality Score 1.02 (0.98 to 1.05) 0.351 0.99 (0.94 to 1.04) 0.621 1.07 (1.02 to 1.13) 0.010 1.03 (0.99 to 1.07) 0.190 1.00 (0.94 to 1.07) 0.921
Sleep Duration
 Very short sleep duration 1.21 (0.80 to 1.82) 0.372 1.15 (0.66 to 1.99) 0.626 1.40 (0.74 to 2.65) 0.297 1.53 (0.90 to 2.62) 0.120 1.14 (0.56 to 2.63) 0.721
Short sleep duration 1.12 (0.92 to 1.37) 0.255 1.08 (0.83 to 1.40) 0.564 1.32 (0.96 to 1.81) 0.089 1.16 (0.93 to 1.45) 0.190 1.24 (0.77 to 1.99) 0.377
 Recommended sleep durationa 1 1 1 1 1
Multivariate model 2
Age 0.91 (0.86 to 0.96) 0.001 0.86 (0.80 to 0.93)  < 0.001 0.98 (0.89 to 1.07) 0.626 0.91 (0.83 to 0.99) 0.033 0.82 (0.60 to 1.12) 0.201
Sex
 Boys 2.18 (1.79 to 2.66)  < 0.001 \ \ 2.51 (2.00 to 3.15)  < 0.001 1.34 (0.88 to 2.04) 0.180
 Girls a 1 1 \ \ 1 1
Father Education
 Less than high school 1.29 (0.74 to 2.26) 0.365 1.72 (0.82 to 3.60) 0.152 0.90 (0.38 to 2.14) 0.803 1.27 (0.69 to 2.35) 0.444 1.97 (0.45 to 8.53) 0.366
 High school 1.57 (0.97 to 2.54) 0.068 1.95 (1.00 to 3.78) 0.05 1.20 (0.59 to 2.44) 0.626 1.64 (0.96 to 2.80) 0.070 1.14 (0.34 to 3.81) 0.835
 Bachelor’s degree 1.24 (0.81 to 1.90) 0.319 1.45 (0.81 to 2.59) 0.215 1.05 (0.56 to 1.96) 0.891 1.26 (0.79 to 2.00) 0.328 1.03 (0.34 to 3.14) 0.964
Master’ degree a 1 1 1 1 1 1
Mother Education
 Less than high school 0.95 (0.55 to 1.63) 0.839 0.71 (0.34 to 1.48) 0.358 1.50 (0.67 to 3.38) 0.326 0.89 (0.48 to 1.64) 0.710 1.28 (0.35 to 4.75) 0.708
 High school 0.76 (0.46 to 1.26) 0.293 0.72 (0.36 to 1.43) 0.342 0.86 (0.42 to 1.79) 0.691 0.73 (0.42 to 1.27) 0.263 0.93 (0.28 to 3.08) 0.904
 Bachelor’s degree 0.79 (0.52 to 1.22) 0.289 1.02 (0.57 to 1.82) 0.955 0.58 (0.31 to 1.10) 0.093 0.84 (0.53 to 1.34) 0.469 0.70 (0.23 to 2.08) 0.519
 Master’ degree a 1 1 1 1 1 1
MVPA 1.00 (1.00 to 1.00) 0.037 1.00 (1.00 to 1.00) 0.005 1.00 (1.00 to 1.00) 0.743 1.00 (1.00 to 1.00) 0.135 1.00 (0.99 to 1.00) 0.188
Sedentary Behavior 1.00 (1.00 to 1.00) 0.928 1.00 (1.00 to 1.00) 0.705 1.00 (1.00 to 1.00) 0.619 1.00 (1.00 to 1.00) 0.784 1.00 (1.00 to 1.00) 0.529
Sleep Quality Score 1.03 (0.99 to 1.07) 0.146 0.99 (0.94 to 1.04) 0.595 1.08 (1.02 to 1.14) 0.009 1.03 (0.99 to 1.07) 0.196 1.01 (0.94 to 1.09) 0.781
Age 0.89 (0.84 to 0.95)  < 0.001 0.85 (0.78 to 0.91)  < 0.001 0.97 (0.88 to 1.06) 0.468 0.88 (0.80 to 0.97) 0.007 0.83 (0.61 to 1.14) 0.245
Sex
 Boys 2.20 (1.80 to 2.69)  < 0.001 \ \ 2.54 (2.02 to 3.20)  < 0.001 1.34 (0.88 to 2.04) 0.168
 Girls a 1 \ \ 1 1
Father Education
 Less than high school 1.30 (0.74 to 2.27) 0.365 1.67 (0.80 to 3.49) 0.176 0.96 (0.40 to 2.31) 0.93 1.26 (0.68 to 2.33) 0.466 1.99 (0.46 to 8.60) 0.358
 High school 1.57 (0.97 to 2.54) 0.07 1.90 (0.98 to 3.68) 0.059 1.22 (0.60 to 2.51) 0.583 1.62 (0.95 to 2.77) 0.079 1.16 (0.35 to 3.90) 0.811
 Bachelor’s degree 1.24 (0.81 to 1.89) 0.328 1.43 (0.80 to 2.56) 0.224 1.03 (0.55 to 1.95) 0.919 1.25 (0.79 to 1.99) 0.341 1.05 (0.34 to 3.21) 0.933
 Master’ degree a 1 1 1 1 1
Mother Education
 Less than high school 0.96 (0.56 to 1.67) 0.893 0.73 (0.35 to 1.54) 0.411 1.43 (0.63 to 3.25) 0.387 0.93 (0.50 to 1.71) 0.807 1.25 (0.34 to 4.64) 0.738
 High school 0.78 (0.47 to 1.28) 0.325 0.74 (0.37 to 1.47) 0.388 0.84 (0.41 to 1.76) 0.651 0.76 (0.43 to 1.33) 0.328 1.90 (0.27 to 3.00) 0.862
 Bachelor’s degree 0.79 (0.51 to 1.21) 0.277 1.03 (0.58 to 1.84) 0.927 0.57 (0.30 to 1.07) 0.082 0.84 (0.53 to 1.35) 0.476 0.68 (0.23 to 2.04) 0.495
Master’ degree a 1 1 1 1 1
MVPA 1.00 (1.00 to 1.00) 0.037 1.00 (1.00 to 1.00) 0.006 1.00 (1.00 to 1.00) 0.741 1.00 (1.00 to 1.00) 0.135 1.00 (0.99 to 1.00) 0.177
Sedentary Behavior 1.00 (1.00 to 1.00) 0.867 1.00 (1.00 to 1.00) 0.568 1.00 (1.00 to 1.00) 0.382 1.00 (1.00 to 1.00) 0.738 1.00 (1.00 to 1.00) 0.649
Sleep Duration
 Very short sleep duration 1.49 (0.97 to 2.29) 0.071 1.39 (0.78 to 2.46) 0.261 1.53 (0.78 to 3.01) 0.217 1.68 (0.96 to 2.93) 0.071 1.15 (0.55 to 2.41) 0.710
 Short sleep duration 1.34 (1.08 to 1.66) 0.008 1.25 (0.94 to 1.64) 0.123 1.51 (1.06 to 2.13) 0.021 1.34 (1.05 to 1.71) 0.019 1.22 (0.75 to 1.98) 0.433
 Recommended sleep duration a 1 1 1 1 1
Multivariate logistic regression model 3
Age 0.89 (0.84 to 0.95)  < 0.001 0.84 (0.78 to 0.91)  < 0.001 0.96 (0.87 to 1.05) 0.345 0.88 (0.80 to 0.97) 0.007 0.83 (0.60 to 1.14) 0.242
Sex
 Boys 2.21 (1.81 to 2.69)  < 0.001 \ \ 2.54 (2.02 to 3.20)  < 0.001 1.35 (1.88 to 2.06) 0.166
 Girls a 1 \ \ 1 1
Father Education
 Less than high school 1.29 (0.74 to 2.26) 0.375 1.69 (0.81 to 3.56) 0.165 0.92 (0.38 to 2.21) 0.847 1.26 (0.68 to 2.32) 0.47 1.97 (0.45 to 8.55) 0.365
 High school 1.56 (0.96 to 2.53) 0.071 1.92 (0.99 to 3.74) 0.055 1.21 (0.59 to 2.47) 0.608 1.62 (0.95 to 2.77) 0.079 1.15 (0.34 to 3.88) 0.818
 Bachelor’s degree 1.23 (0.81 to 1.89) 0.333 1.45 (0.81 to 2.60) 0.212 1.03 (0.55 to 1.94) 0.924 1.25 (0.79 to 1.99) 0.346 1.05 (0.34 to 3.20) 0.937
 Master’ degree a 1 1 1 1 1
Mother Education
 Less than high school 0.96 (0.56 to 1.66) 0.887 0.74 (0.35 to 1.55) 0.424 1.47 (0.65 to 3.32) 0.358 0.92 (0.50 to 1.71) 0.8 1.25 (0.34 to 4.64) 0.737
 High school 0.78 (0.47 to 1.29) 0.326 0.74 (0.37 to 1.47) 0.387 0.86 (0.41 to 1.78) 0.678 0.76 (0.43 to 1.32) 0.327 0.90 (0.27 to 2.99) 0.862
 Bachelor’s degree 0.78 (0.52 to 1.21) 0.284 1.02 (0.57 to 1.82) 0.96 0.57 (0.30 to 1.08) 0.087 0.85 (0.53 to 1.35) 0.483 0.68 (0.23 to 2.04) 0.494
 Master’ degree a 1 1 1 1 1
MVPA 1.00 (1.00 to 1.00) 0.041 1.00 (1.00 to 1.00) 0.005 1.00 (1.00 to 1.00) 0.647 1.00 (1.00 to 1.00) 0.141 1.00 (1.00 to 1.00) 0.188
Sedentary Behavior 1.00 (1.00 to 1.00) 0.946 1.00 (1.00 to 1.00) 0.703 1.00 (1.00 to 1.00) 0.587 1.00 (1.00 to 1.00) 0.786 1.00 (1.00 to 1.00) 0.528
Sleep Quality Score 1.01 (0.97 to 1.06) 0.533 0.97 (0.92 to 1.02) 0.247 1.07 (1.01 to 1.14) 0.028 1.01 (0.96 to 1.06) 0.677 1.01 (0.93 to 1.09) 0.884
Sleep Duration
 Very short sleep duration 1.40 (0.87 to 2.25) 0.167 1.61 (0.86 to 3.02) 0.134 1.07 (0.50 to 2.26) 0.870 1.59 (0.87 to 2.93) 0.295 1.12 (0.48 to 2.59) 0.195
 Short sleep duration 1.32 (1.06 to 1.64) 0.013 1.28 (0.97 to 1.70) 0.084 1.38 (0.97 to 1.98) 0.075 1.33 (1.03 to 1.70) 0.027 1.21 (0.73 to 1.99) 0.463
 Recommended sleep duration a 1 1 1 1 1

Note: a: Reference Category; OR odd ratio, CI confidence interval; The values of p < 0.05 were highlighted in bold

Univariable Model 1: Univariate association of sleep quality and sleep duration and overweight/obesity

Multivariable Model 2: Sleep quality and sleep duration separately entered into multivariable model after adjusting for the participants' sex, age, parental education, moderate to vigorous physical activity duration per day, and sedentary behavior duration per day

Multivariable Model 3: Sleep quality and sleep duration were simultaneously entered into multivariable model after adjusting for the participants' sex, age, parental education, moderate to vigorous physical activity duration per day, and sedentary behavior duration per day