Table 1.

Baseline characteristics of patients

Characteristic	All patients (n= 7757)	Insulin-naive patients (n= 1159)
Sex, n (%)
Male	4268 (55.0)	647 (55.8)
Female	3489 (45.0)	512 (44.2)
Age, years, mean (SD)	67.4 (11.0)	65.8 (12.0)
Age, in categories, n (%)
40–55 years	1221 (15.7)	258 (22.3)
56–70 years	3324 (42.9)	464 (40.0)
71–85 years	2859 (36.9)	376 (32.4)
≥86 years	353 (4.6)	61 (5.3)
Number of chronic diseases, mean (SD)	3.7 (1.8)	3.5 (1.8)
Chronic diseases, in categories
0–1 diseases	665 (8.6)	127 (11.0)
2–4 diseases	4882 (62.9)	746 (64.4)
≥5 diseases	2210 (28.5)	286 (24.7)
Duration of T2DM, years, mean (SD)	13.1 (6.1)	9.9 (5.9)
Duration of T2DM, in categories
0–5 years	708 (9.1)	256 (22.1)
6–10 years	1624 (20.9)	309 (26.7)
11–15 years	2217 (28.6)	308 (26.6)
16–20 years	1465 (18.9)	129 (11.1)
≥21 years	790 (10.2)	41 (3.5)
Unknown	953 (12.3)	116 (10.0)
Number of blood glucose lowering drugs, mean (SD)	1.5 (0.62)	1.9 (0.73)
Drug
Metformin	7098 (91.5)	1033 (89.1)
Sulfonylurea	3502 (45.1)	863 (74.5)
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors	286 (3.7)	167 (14.4)
Glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists	399 (5.1)	74 (6.4)
Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors	306 (3.9)	63 (5.4)
Acarbose	15 (0.2)	2 (0.2)
Meglitinides	13 (0.2)	1 (0.1)
Thiazolidinediones	31 (0.4)	8 (0.7)

SD = standard deviation. T2DM = type 2 diabetes mellitus.