Table 4.
Results of multivariate analysis
| Empty model | Model 1 | Model 2 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
||||
| OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |
| Overall outcome | 0.29a | 0.26 to 0.33 | — | — | — | — |
|
| ||||||
| Female sex | — | — | 0.77a | 0.69 to 0.87 | 0.77a | 0.69 to 0.87 |
|
| ||||||
| Age, years | ||||||
| 40–55 years | Reference | — | — | — | — | — |
| 56–70 years | — | — | 0.70a | 0.58 to 0.85 | 0.70a | 0.58 to 0.85 |
| 71–85 years | — | — | 0.38a | 0.31 to 0.47 | 0.38a | 0.30 to 0.47 |
| ≥86 years | — | — | 0.23a | 0.15 to 0.34 | 0.22a | 0.15 to 0.34 |
|
| ||||||
| Chronic disease | ||||||
| 0–1 chronic diseases | Reference | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2–4 chronic diseases | — | — | 1.15 | 0.93 to 1.43 | 1.15 | 0.93 to 1.43 |
| ≥5 chronic diseases | — | — | 1.27b | 1.00 to 1.62 | 1.27 | 1.00 to 1.62 |
|
| ||||||
| Years since T2DM diagnosis | ||||||
| 0–5 years T2DM | Reference | — | — | — | — | — |
| 6–10 years T2DM | — | — | 1.10 | 0.88 to 1.38 | 1.11 | 0.89 to 1.39 |
| 11–15 years T2DM | — | — | 0.98 | 0.78 to 1.23 | 0.99 | 0.79 to 1.24 |
| 16–20 years T2DM | — | — | 0.94 | 0.73 to 1.20 | 0.94 | 0.74 to 1.21 |
| ≥21 years T2DM | — | — | 1.24 | 0.93 to 1.64 | 1.24 | 0.93 to 1.64 |
| Unknownc | — | — | — | — | — | — |
|
| ||||||
| Prescription for metformin | — | — | 0.66a | 0.53 to 0.82 | 0.66a | 0.53 to 0.82 |
|
| ||||||
| Prescription for sulfonylurea | — | — | 0.58a | 0.51 to 0.66 | 0.58a | 0.51 to 0.66 |
|
| ||||||
| Prescription for DPP4 inhibitors, GLP1 agonists, or SGLT2 inhibitors | — | — | 3.12a | 2.65 to 3.68 | 3.10a | 2.63 to 3.66 |
|
| ||||||
| Type of practice | ||||||
| Single-handed practice | Reference | — | — | — | — | — |
| Duo practices | — | — | — | — | 0.87 | 0.60 to 1.25 |
| Group practices | — | — | — | — | 0.91 | 0.61 to 1.37 |
| Unknownc | — | — | — | — | — | — |
|
| ||||||
| Dispensing practice | — | — | — | — | 1.78a | 1.03 to 3.10 |
|
| ||||||
| Practice size | ||||||
| Small practice size | Reference | — | — | — | — | — |
| Medium practice size | — | — | — | — | 1.49a | 1.07 to 2.08 |
| Large practice size | — | — | — | — | 0.80 | 0.55 to 1.17 |
|
| ||||||
| Urbanisation | ||||||
| Very strong urbanisation | Reference | — | — | — | — | — |
| Strong urbanisation | — | — | — | — | 1.26 | 0.86 to 1.84 |
| Moderate urbanisation | — | — | — | — | 1.01 | 0.69 to 1.46 |
| Little urbanisation | — | — | — | — | 0.87 | 0.56 to 1.33 |
| No urbanisation | — | — | — | — | 0.99 | 0.61 to 1.61 |
|
| ||||||
| SES | ||||||
| Low SES | Reference | — | — | — | — | — |
| Moderate SES | — | — | — | — | 0.90 | 0.65 to 1.24 |
| High SES | — | — | — | — | 0.85 | 0.62 to 1.17 |
|
| ||||||
| Patients ≥70 years | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| Low number of patients ≥70 years | Reference | — | — | — | — | — |
|
| ||||||
| Moderate number of patients ≥70 years | — | — | — | — | 1.26 | 0.91 to 1.74 |
|
| ||||||
| High number of patients ≥70 years | — | — | — | — | 1.49a | 1.08 to 2.05 |
a
P<0.001;
b
P = 0.05.
c
Data not shown. CI = confidence interval. DPP4 = dipeptidyl peptidase-4. GLP1 = glucagon-like peptide-1. OR = odds ratio. SES = socioeconomic status. SGLT2 = sodium-glucose co-transporter-2. T2DM = type 2 diabetes.