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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jun 7.
Published in final edited form as: Annu Rev Public Health. 2022 Jan 12;43:477–501. doi: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-052620-103528

Table 2.

Impacts of implicit bias

Area Impacts
Health care delivery Patient-provider communication
Patient-provider relationships
Patient satisfaction
Patient perception of physician’s patient-centeredness
Patient treatment adherence
Provider decision making
Provider’s perspective of patient’s likelihood to adhere to treatment
Public health Resource allocation (testing locations, vaccine distribution, location of environmental stressors)
Health professions workplace and learning environments Promotions practices
Compensation
Evaluations
Awards and recognition
Research grants
Stress, isolation
Diversity of trainees and workforce Recruitment and selection of future trainees
Inclusive learning environment