Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of patients, overall and by survivor status
| Univariable analysis | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | Total | Nonsurvivor (n= 55) | Survivor (n= 387) | p value | OR (95% CI) | p value |
| Age, mean (±SD) | 60 ± 14 | 69 ± 13 | 59 ± 14 | <0.001 | 1.06 (1.03−1.08) | 0.001 |
| Male | 291 (65.84%) | 34 (61.8%) | 257 (66.4%) | 0.63 | 0.81 (0.46–1.48) | 0.502 |
| Female | 151 (34.16%) | 21 (38.2%) | 130 (33.6%) | 0.603 | ||
| Comorbidity | ||||||
| Hypertension | 311 (70.36%) | 41 (74.5%) | 270 (69.8%) | 0.57 | 1.26 (0.68–2.49) | 0.469 |
| DM | 281 (63.57%) | 42 (76.4%) | 239 (61.8%) | 0.05 | 2.00 (1.06–3.99) | 0.038 |
| IHD | 98 (22.17%) | 23 (41.8%) | 75 (19.4%) | <.001 | 2.99 (1.64–5.39) | 0.0002 |
| CKD | 78 (17.65%) | 19 (34.5%) | 59 (15.2%) | <.001 | 2.93 (1.55–5.41) | 0.0006 |
| COPD | 54 (12.22%) | 13 (23.6%) | 41 (10.6%) | 0.011 | 2.61 (1.25−5.16) | 0.007 |
| CVA | 20 (4.52%) | 5 (9.1%) | 15 (3.9%) | 0.163 | 2.48 (0.78–6.71) | NA |
| Clinical feature | ||||||
| Fever | 399 (90.27%) | 52 (94.5%) | 353 (91.2%) | 0.566 | 1.67 (0.57–7.10) | 0.409 |
| Cough | 322 (72.85%) | 36 (65.5%) | 286 (73.9%) | 0.248 | 0.66 (0.37–1.23) | 0.19 |
| SOB | 294 (66.52%) | 42 (76.4%) | 252 (65.1%) | 0.133 | 1.73 (0.92–3.45) | 0.101 |
| Fatigability | 246 (55.66%) | 33 (60%) | 213 (55%) | 0.584 | 1.23 (0.69–2.20) | 0.489 |
| Loss of smell | 87 (19.68%) | 9 (16.4%) | 78 (20.2%) | 0.631 | 0.77 (0.34–1.58) | 0.509 |
| Diarrhea | 71 (16.06%) | 11 (20%) | 60 (15.5%) | 0.513 | 1.36 (0.63–2.70) | 0.397 |
| Sore throat | 47 (10.63%) | 13 (23.6%) | 34 (8.8%) | 0.002 | 3.21 (1.53–6.45) | 0.00137 |
| Anorexia | 13 (2.94%) | 2 (3.6%) | 11 (2.8%) | 1 | 1.28 (0.19–4.97) | 0.74 |
| Chest pain | 9 (2.04%) | 0 (0%) | 9 (2.3%) | 0.527 | NA | NA |
| Vomiting | 4 (0.90%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (1%) | 1 | NA | NA |
| Headache | 3 (0.68%) | 1 (1.8%) | 2 (0.5%) | 0.824 | 3.56 (0.16–37.82) | 0.303 |
| Admission SpO2 | 92 (88–95) | 84 (73–93) | 93 (89–96) | <0.001 | 0.91 (0.88–0.93) | 0.001 |
| LOS | 8.7 ± 4.5 | 10.9 ± 7.3) | 8.3 ± 3.8) | 0.013 | 1.10(1.04–1.16) | 0.0003 |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; CKD, chronic kidney disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CVA cerebrovascular disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; IHD Ischemic heart disease; LOS, length of stay; OR, odds ratio; SpO2, peripheral capillary oxygen; SOB, shortness of breath saturation.