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. 2022 Jan 5;47(6):652–661. doi: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsab132

Table I.

Participant Demographic Characteristics

Total sample (N = 1,570) 2016 ACS estimatesa
Child age M =8.6; SD = 2.3
 5–6 years 24.7%
 7–8 years 21.1%
 9–10 years 27.4%
 11–12 years 26.8%
Child sex
 Female 46.8% 50.8%
 Male 53.2% 49.2%
Child race
 White 70.4% 72.6%
 Black or African American 11.9% 12.7%
 Asian 2.5% 5.4%
 American Indian or Alaska Native 0.9% 0.8%
 Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 0.8% 0.2%
 Some other race 5.5% 5.1%
 Multiple races selected 8.7% 3.2%
Child ethnicity
 Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish Origin 18.6% 17.8%
 Not Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish Origin 81.4% 82.2%
Parent/guardian education
 High school graduate or higher 96.5% 87.5%
 Bachelor’s degree or higher 36.9% 31.3%
Median Household Incomeb $50,000–60,000 $57,617
a

Data from 2016 American Community Survey (ACS) 1-year estimates of U.S. adult population.

b

Family income was collected by $10,000 bins to $100,000.