TABLE 1.
Demographics by Intervention and Treatment-as-Usual Group
| Characteristic | Intervention (n = 71)a | TAU (n = 64)a | pb |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal age, y | 27.9 (5.3) | 28.2 (6.3) | .77 |
| Gestational weeks at enrollment | 15.1 (2.9) | 19.7 (4.2) | <.001 |
| Maternal prepregnancy BMI, kg/m2 | 30.8 (4.5) | 31.7 (5.5) | .31 |
| Multiparous | 38 (54%) | 33 (52%) | .96 |
| Household income, $ | 16,800 [9000–35,000] | 18,500 [10,000–34,250] | .60 |
| Missing | 4 | 2 | |
| Family poverty | 104 [62–230] | 101 [54–196] | .47 |
| Missing | 4 | 2 | |
| Maternal gestational diabetes | 5 (7.0%) | 8 (13%) | .38 |
| Missing | 0 | 1 | |
| Maternal hypertension | 13 (18%) | 6 (9.5%) | .21 |
| Missing | 0 | 1 | |
| Maternal prenatal smoking | .26 | ||
| Current smoker | 2 (3.0%) | 5 (7.9%) | |
| Former smoker or never smoked | 65 (97%) | 58 (92%) | |
| Missing | 4 | 1 | |
| Child gestational age at birth, d | 279 [274–282] | 278 [274–282] | .86 |
| Child preterm birth | .67 | ||
| GA < 37 wk | 2 (2.8%) | 3 (4.7%) | |
| GA 37+ wk | 69 (97%) | 61 (95%) | |
| Breastfeeding | 64 (91%) | 59 (92%) | 1.00 |
| Missing | 1 | 0 | |
| Maternal depression (PHQ-9): prenatal | 7.2 (5.0) | 7.3 (4.8) | .93 |
| Missing | 3 | 1 | |
| Maternal depression (PHQ-9): postnatal | 3.8 (4.0) | 5.2 (4.0) | .061 |
| Missing | 9 | 4 | |
| Maternal perceived stress (PSS): prenatal | 19.0 (5.8) | 18.4 (5.9) | .55 |
| Missing | 2 | 1 | |
| Maternal perceived stress (PSS): postnatal | 15 (7) | 16 (7) | .46 |
| Missing | 10 | 4 | |
| PSI total (PSI-SF) | 62 (18) | 63 (17) | .82 |
| Missing | 12 | 11 | |
| Child ethnicity (Latinx/Hispanic) | 32 (45%) | 22 (34%) | .28 |
| Child age, mo | 6.56 (0.60) | 6.42 (0.59) | .17 |
| Child biological sex | .68 | ||
| Female | 33 (46%) | 33 (52%) | |
| Male | 38 (54%) | 31 (48%) | |
| Maternal partnership status | .92 | ||
| Married, in committed relationship, or engaged | 49 (69%) | 42 (67%) | |
| Single, separated, or divorced | 22 (31%) | 21 (33%) | |
| Missing | 0 | 1 |
TAU = treatment-as-usual; GA = gestational age; PHQ = Patient Health Questionnaire-9; PSS = Perceived Stress Scale; PSI-SF = Parenting Stress Index—Short Form; IQR = interquartile range.
aMean (SD), n (%), median [IQR].
bWelch two-sample t test, Pearson χ2 test, Fisher exact test.