Figure 4.

The F1 score (calculated by k-folds cross-validation) for each machine learning approach predicting whether booking a surgical procedure at 1 pm, 2 pm, 3 pm, or 4 pm will lead to surgery ending by 5 pm and patient discharged from recovery room by 7 pm (solid lines, SMOTE; dotted lines, no SMOTE). PACU indicates postanesthesia care unit; SMOTE, synthetic minority oversampling technique.