Figure 3.

Hypoxic pregnancy activates the placental stress response. Values are mean±SEM for the relative ratio of placental levels of HIF1α (hypoxia-inducible factor 1α; A), of protein carbonylation (B), of the ratio of phosphorylated to total stress kinases JNK (C-jun normoxic-terminal kinase; C) and ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase; D). Blots for JNK and ERK appear atypical as they were resolved on 14% agarose gels for higher resolution. Groups are normoxic (N; ○, n=9–10) and hypoxic (H; ●, n=7). Significant differences (P<0.05) are *N vs H, Student t test for unpaired data. pERK indicates phosphorylated ERK; and pJNK, phosphorylated JNK.