. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jun 7.

Published in final edited form as: Obstet Gynecol. 2019 Sep;134(3):573–580. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000003404

Table 2.

Unadjusted and Adjusted Association between method of contraception and bacterial vaginosis

Contraceptive method (time-varying)	Non-BV intervals (%)	BV intervals (%)	cHR (95% CI)	aHR^# (95% CI)
Non-hormonal^‡	4851 (67%)	1265 (81%)	Ref	Ref
DMPA	588 (8%)	89 (6%)	0.67^* (0.50-0.91)	0.72^*(0.54-0.95)
Implant	34 (0%)	13 (1%)	1.69 (0.74-3.86)	----
OCPs	1808 (25%)	191 (12%)	1.00 (0.81-1.23)	1.00 (0.81-1.21)

BV: bacterial vaginosis; Ref: reference; OCP: oral contraceptive pill; DMPA: Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate; cHR: crude hazard ratio; aHR: adjusted hazard ratio; CI: confidence interval

Adjusted for women's HIV status, age, breastfeeding, active genital ulcer, and trichomoniasis

^‡

no method, condoms, permanent (excludes copper intrauterine devices)

p-value<0.05.

Number of events in Implant group too few to allow for adjusted estimates.