Table 1b.

Child Language Use and Corresponding Examples

Child language measure	Examples
Label	This is a goat
Description	White duck
Open-ended question	What is this called?
Closed-ended question	Is this a horse?
Reframe	This is water, not soap
Affirmation	Mother says, “the horse is so big”; child says, “yeah it is!”
Repetition	Mother says, “rooster”; child repeats, “rooster”
Request for repetition	What?
Expansion	Mother says, “cute pig”; child says, “this is a cute pig”
Extension	Mother says, “drink water”; child says, “the sheep drank water and it’s now full!”
Recast	Mother says, “jump the fence”; child says, “the animals are jumping the fence?”
Direct action request	Play with me
Indirect action request	Can you play with me?
Attention directive	Look here!
Positive feedback	Nice!
Negative feedback	Eww!