Table 3c.

Correlations between maternal and child language use

Language measure	Culture
	Both groups	American	Thai
Label	0.81 ***	0.21	0.80 ***
Description	0.34 *	0.36	0.34
Open-ended question	0.45 **	0.14	0.21
Closed-ended question	−0.15	0.20	−0.27
Reframe	0.01	0.40 †	−0.06
Affirmation	0.22	0.16	0.01
Repetition	0.11	−0.24	0.13
Request for repetition	0.02	−0.11	−0.06
Expansion	0.02	0.11	−0.09
Extension	0.52 ***	0.53 *	0.38 †
Recast	N/A	N/A	N/A
Direct action request	−0.06	0.18	0.08
Indirect action request	0	0.19	0.02
Attention directive	0.53 ***	0.45 *	0.38 †
Positive feedback	−0.19	−0.01	−0.03
Negative feedback	0.27 †	0.33	0.39 †
Total utterances	0.84 ***	0.85 ***	0.83 ***
Total words	0.70 ***	0.72 ***	0.68 ***

Note.

^†p < .10,

^*p < .05,

^**p < .01,

^***p < .001.