Table 1. Socio-demographic and health-related profile of the study sample by gender, LASI 2017–18.
| Variables | Category | Total (n = 31,464) | Men (n = 15,098) | Women (n = 16,366) | P-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |||
| Outcome Variable | |||||
| Depression | No | 22958 (71.03) | 11377 (73.76) | 11581 (68.58) | <0.0001 |
| Yes | 8506 (28.97) | 3721 (26.24) | 4785 (31.42) | ||
| Exposure Variable | |||||
| Multimorbidity | No | 23853 (76.47) | 11630 (78) | 12223 (75.09) | <0.0001 |
| Yes | 7521 (23.53) | 3406 (22) | 4115 (24.91) | ||
| Sociodemographic variables | |||||
| Age | Aged 60–69 | 18974 (58.51) | 8961 (57.82) | 10013 (59.13) | <0.0001 |
| Aged 70–79 | 9101 (30.2) | 4545 (31.14) | 4556 (29.13) | ||
| Aged over 80 | 3389 (11.29) | 1592 (11.04) | 1797 (11.52) | ||
| Residence | Urban | 10739 (29.45) | 5021 (27.95) | 5718 (30.82) | 0.002 |
| Rural | 20725 (70.55) | 10077 (72.05) | 10648 (69.18) | ||
| Education | No Education | 16889 (56.52) | 5479 (38.6) | 11410 (72.7) | <0.0001 |
| less than 5 years | 3781 (11.44) | 2184 (14.52) | 1597 (8.65) | ||
| 5–9 years | 6017 (17.83) | 3850 (24.11) | 2167 (12.16) | ||
| 10 or more years | 4777 (14.21) | 3585 (22.78) | 1192 (6.48) | ||
| Marital Status | Currently in union | 20090 (62.09) | 12506 (81.72) | 7584 (44.36) | <0.0001 |
| Not in union | 11374 (37.91) | 2592 (18.28) | 8782 (55.64) | ||
| Caste | SC/ST | 10313 (27.76) | 4884 (27.17) | 5429 (28.29) | 0.150 |
| OBC | 11886 (46.45) | 5781 (47.03) | 6105 (45.93) | ||
| Others | 8218 (25.79) | 3970 (25.8) | 4248 (25.78) | ||
| Religion | Hindu | 23037 (82.31) | 11078 (82.12) | 11959 (82.48) | 0.496 |
| Muslim | 3731 (11.29) | 1804 (11.73) | 1927 (10.89) | ||
| Others | 4630 (6.4) | 2186 (6.14) | 2444 (6.63) | ||
| MPCE Quintile | Poor | 12961 (43.42) | 6103 (42.15) | 6858 (44.56) | 0.007 |
| Middle | 6416 (20.95) | 3064 (21.6) | 3352 (20.35) | ||
| Rich | 12087 (35.64) | 5931 (36.24) | 6156 (35.09) | ||
| Functional health | |||||
| ADL disability | No | 24770 (76.41) | 12377 (79.41) | 12393 (73.7) | <0.0001 |
| Yes | 6694 (23.59) | 2721 (20.59) | 3973 (26.3) | ||
| IADL disability | No | 18171 (53.83) | 10002 (63.11) | 8169 (45.46) | <0.0001 |
| Yes | 13293 (46.17) | 5096 (36.89) | 8197 (54.54) | ||
| Poor sleep | No | 20448 (63.67) | 10477 (68.13) | 9971 (59.69) | <0.0001 |
| Yes | 10910 (36.33) | 4554 (31.87) | 6356 (40.31) | ||
| Pain | No | 12686 (60.41) | 5317 (34.67) | 7369 (43.99) | <0.0001 |
| Yes | 18669 (39.59) | 9712 (65.33) | 8957 (56.01) | ||
| SRH | Good | 23785(75.79) | 11691 (77.75) | 11994 (74.03) | <0.0001 |
| Poor | 7113(24.21) | 3087 (22.25) | 4026 (25.97) | ||
| Behavioural health | |||||
| Current smoker | No | 27090 (86.34) | 11273 (74.95) | 15660 (96.63) | <0.0001 |
| Yes | 4374 (13.66) | 3668 (25.05) | 706 (3.37) | ||
| Alcohol use | No | 28324 (91.23) | 12447 (84.11) | 15847 (97.67) | <0.0001 |
| Yes | 3140 (8.77) | 2621 (15.89) | 519 (2.33) | ||
| Physical inactivity | No | 9545 (30.76) | 5853 (40.21) | 3692 (22.24) | <0.0001 |
| Yes | 21899 (69.24) | 9234 (59.79) | 12665 (77.76) | ||
| Obesity | No | 26417 (94.52) | 13065 (97.21) | 13352 (92.09) | <0.0001 |
| Yes | 1633 (5.48) | 444 (2.79) | 1189 (7.91) | ||
SC: Scheduled caste; ST: Scheduled tribe; OBC: Other backward class; MPCE: Monthly Per Capita Expenditure; SRH: Self-rated health; ADL: Activities of Daily Living; IADL: Instrumental activities of daily living; Frequency (n) are unweighted and percentage (%) are weighted; The sample may differ as all older adults did not give consent for measurement.