TABLE 4.

Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMMs) associations between prepregnancy weight status, GWG groups and the adiposity indicators in kindergarten children.

Dependent variable	Main effect	F value of the GLMM models	P-value of the GLMM models	Estimate	95%CI		S.E.	t-value	P-value
					Lower	Upper
Overweight/obese	Prepregnancy overweight/obese*	132.880	<0.001	0.779	0.647	0.912	0.068	11.527	<0.001
	GWG insufficient#	17.699	<0.001	–0.340	–0.480	–0.200	0.071	–4.764	<0.001
	GWG excessive#			0.103	–0.039	0.245	0.073	1.418	0.156
High FMI	Prepregnancy overweight/obese*	96.667	<0.001	0.755	0.604	0.905	0.077	9.832	<0.001
	GWG insufficient#	10.728	<0.001	–0.247	–0.413	–0.080	0.085	–2.906	0.004
	GWG excessive#			0.179	0.015	0.342	0.083	2.140	0.032
High FFMI	Prepregnancy overweight/obese*	57.276	<0.001	0.563	0.417	0.709	0.074	7.568	<0.001
	GWG insufficient#	9.103	<0.001	–0.217	–0.369	–0.065	0.078	–2.794	0.005
	GWG excessive#			0.148	–0.009	0.304	0.080	1.851	0.064
Low FFMI	Prepregnancy overweight/obese*	20.171	<0.001	–0.421	–0.605	–0.237	0.094	–4.491	<0.001
	GWG insufficient#	4.693	0.009	0.232	0.082	0.383	0.077	3.029	0.002
	GWG excessive#			0.081	–0.098	0.261	0.092	0.887	0.375
High FM%	Prepregnancy overweight/obese*	78.523	<0.001	0.658	0.512	0.804	0.074	8.861	<0.001
	GWG insufficient#	9.410	<0.001	–0.252	–0.408	–0.096	0.080	–3.172	0.002
	GWG excessive#			0.117	–0.040	0.274	0.080	1.463	0.144

Prepregnancy BMI, GWG, gestational week, parity, children’s age and gender, annual family income, whether exclusive breastfeeding within 6 months of birth, maternal educational level, paternal educational level, maternal occupation and paternal occupation were entered in the GLMMs, adiposity indicators during the 3 years’ follow were dependent variables.

*Prepregnancy normal weight group as reference.

^#Appropriate gestational weight gain group as reference. BMI, body mass index; FMI, fat mass index; FFMI, fat free mass index; FM%, percentage of fat mass.