Table 1. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of fallers and non-fallers among patients with Parkinson's disease.
| Fallers | Non-fallers | p-value | OR (95%CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 70 (60–78) | 71 (60–78) | 0.761a | – |
| Male sex, n (%) | 86 (57.0) | 84 (47.7) | 0.096b | 1.45 (0.94–2.24) |
| Family history of PD, n (%) | 32 (22.1) | 29 (16.7) | 0.222b | 1.42 (0.81–2.48) |
| Sleep complaints, n (%) | 104 (69.3) | 114 (65.1) | 0.423b | 1.21 (0.76–1.93) |
| Motor fluctuations, n (%) | 95 (65.1) | 92 (52.9) | 0.027b | 1.66 (1.06–2.61) |
| Dyskinesia, n (%) | 75 (51.0) | 45 (25.9) | <0.001b | 2.99 (1.87–4.77) |
| Hallucinations, n (%) | 49 (34.3) | 26 (15.8) | <0.001b | 2.79 (1.62–4.80) |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 57 (37.7) | 87 (49.4) | 0.034b | 0.62 (0.40–0.97) |
| Type 2 DM, n (%) | 30 (19.9) | 40 (23.0) | 0.495b | 0.83 (0.49–1.42) |
| Congestive heart failure, n (%) | 2 (1.3) | 6 (3.4) | 0.294b | 0.38 (0.08–1.90) |
| Coronary artery disease, n (%) | 7 (4.6) | 11 (6.3) | 0.515b | 0.72 (0.27–1.92) |
| Peripheral artery disease, n (%) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.1) | 0.501c | 0.23 (0.01–4.81) |
| Chronic venous insufficiency, n (%) | 3 (2.0) | 4 (2.3) | >0.999c | 0.87 (0.19–3.96) |
| Active cancer, n (%) | 3 (2.0) | 3 (1.8) | >0.999c | 1.14 (0.23–5.71) |
| Previous cancer, n (%) | 3.5 (5) | 3.4 (6) | >0.999c | 0.94 (0.28–3.14) |
| COPD, n (%) | 2 (1.3) | 3 (1.7) | >0.999c | 0.77 (0.13–4.67) |
| Chronic kidney disease, n (%) | 2 (1.3) | 3 (1.7) | >0.999c | 0.77 (0.13–4.68) |
| Orthostatic hypotension, n (%) | 33 (28.9) | 33 (28.0) | 0.868b | 1.05 (0.59–1.86) |
| Previous stroke, n (%) | 11 (7.3) | 7 (4.1) | 0.204b | 1.87 (0.70–4.94) |
| Dementia, n (%) | 32 (21.3) | 27 (15.4) | 0.169b | 1.49 (0.84–2.62) |
| Mild cognitive impairment, n (%) | 15 (10.3) | 9 (5.4) | 0.109b | 2.00 (0.85–4.71) |
| Epilepsy, n (%) | 3 (2) | 5 (2.8) | 0.731c | 0.71 (0.17–3.01) |
| Hip fracture, n (%) | 3 (2) | 4 (2.3) | >0.999c | 0.88 (0.19–3.99) |
| Depression, n (%) | 79 (52.7) | 75 (42.6) | 0.070d | 1.50 (0.97–2.32) |
| Bipolar disorder, n (%) | 1 (0.7) | 2 (1.1) | >0.999b | 0.58 (0.05–6.46) |
| Osteoporosis, n (%) | 15 (10.3) | 21 (13.1) | 0.452b | 0.76 (0.38–1.54) |
| Osteoarthritis, n (%) | 28 (19.9) | 27 (17.4) | 0.590b | 1.17 (0.65–2.11) |
| Urinary incontinence, n (%) | 65 (43.6) | 54 (30.9) | 0.018b | 1.73 (1.10–2.74) |
| Walking aids, n (%) | 35 (25) | 26 (15.8) | 0.044b | 1.78 (1.01–3.14) |
| Motor physical therapy, n (%) | 22 (16.3) | 20 (12.3) | 0.331b | 1.38 (0.72–2.66) |
| Hoehn and Yahr stage | 3 (2–4) | 2.64±1.15 (2.25) | 0.002a | – |
| SE ADL score | 80 (50–90) | 80 (50–90) | 0.007a | – |
| Disease duration (years) | 10 (6–17) | 2.25 (2–3) | <0.001a | – |
Data expressed as percentages and medians (25th–75th).
a
Mann-Whitney U test;
b
Pearson's X2 test;
c
Fisher's exact test.
PD: Parkinson's disease; SE ADL: Schwab and England Activities of Daily Living scale; DM: diabetes mellitus; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; SNRIs: serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors; SSRIs: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors; OR: Odds Ratio; 95%CI: 95% confidence interval. Bold values denote a statistically significant difference.