Table 1.
Demographic and surgical case characteristics pre-ERP (pre-GDFT) and during ERP (GDFT)
| Total | Pre-ERP (pre-GDFT) | ERP (GDFT) | p-value* | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n=777) | (n=465) | (n=312) | |||||
| Age (years) | 51 | (44–56) | 50 | (44–55) | 51 | (44–58) | 0.124 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29 | (25.90–32.70) | 29.3 | (26.00–32.80) | 28.8 | (25.65–32.65) | 0.209 |
| Diabetes | 61 | 7.90% | 41 | 8.8% | 20 | 6.4% | 0.276 |
| Hypertension | 168 | 21.60% | 106 | 22.8% | 62 | 19.9% | 0.374 |
| Coronary Artery Disease | 3 | 0.40% | 0 | 0.0% | 3 | 1.0% | 0.064 |
| Peripheral Artery Disease | 2 | 0.30% | 2 | 0.4% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.519 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 161 | 20.70% | 97 | 20.9% | 64 | 20.5% | 0.928 |
| Active or Former Smoker | 269 | 34.60% | 163 | 35.10% | 106 | 34% | 0.818 |
| Asthma | 76 | 9.80% | 46 | 9.90% | 30 | 9.60% | >0.95 |
| COPD | 5 | 0.60% | 4 | 0.90% | 1 | 0.30% | 0.653 |
| Obstructive Sleep Apnea | 68 | 8.80% | 44 | 9.5% | 24 | 7.7% | 0.438 |
| History of Arrhythmia | 20 | 2.60% | 9 | 1.9% | 11 | 3.5% | 0.175 |
| History of Pain | 187 | 24.10% | 102 | 21.9% | 85 | 27.2% | 0.104 |
| History of Nausea and Vomiting | 246 | 31.70% | 160 | 34.4% | 86 | 27.6% | 0.049 |
| History of Chemotherapy | 348 | 44.80% | 216 | 46.5% | 132 | 42.3% | 0.27 |
| History of Radiation | 317 | 40.80% | 195 | 41.9% | 122 | 39.1% | 0.457 |
| History of Hormone Therapy | 237 | 30.50% | 147 | 31.6% | 90 | 28.8% | 0.428 |
| ASA Physical Status | 0.608 | ||||||
| 1 or 2 | 413 | 53.20% | 251 | 54.0% | 162 | 51.9% | |
| 3 or 4 | 364 | 46.80% | 214 | 46.0% | 150 | 48.1% | |
| Procedure Timing | 0.299 | ||||||
| Immediate | 458 | 58.90% | 267 | 57.4% | 191 | 61.2% | |
| Delayed | 319 | 41.10% | 198 | 42.6% | 121 | 38.8% | |
| Laterality | 0.103 | ||||||
| Bilateral | 330 | 42.50% | 186 | 40.0% | 144 | 46.2% | |
| Unilateral | 447 | 57.50% | 279 | 60.0% | 168 | 53.8% | |
| Flap Type | <0.001 | ||||||
| pTRAM flap | 123 | 15.80% | 102 | 21.9% | 21 | 6.7% | |
| msTRAM flap | 210 | 27% | 146 | 31.4% | 64 | 20.5% | |
| DIEP flap | 392 | 50.50% | 193 | 41.5% | 199 | 63.8% | |
| Other | 52 | 6.70% | 24 | 5.2% | 28 | 9.0% | |
| Preoperative MAP | 91.3 | (84.0–98.3) | 91 | (83.3 – 98.0) | 92.2 | (85.0–98.7) | 0.098 |
| Preoperative Hematocrit (%) | 38.5 | (36.6–40.3) | 38.2 | (36.4–40.1) | 39 | (36.9–40.9) | 0.002 |
| Preoperative Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.8 | (0.70–0.80) | 0.7 | (0.7 – 0.9) | 0.8 | (0.7 – 0.8) | 0.07 |
Continuous data are expressed as median (range). Categorical data are expressed as n (percent).
*
p value calculated with Kruskal-Wallis (continuous) or Fisher’s exact test (categorical).
ASA indicates American Society of Anesthesiologists; BMI, body mass index; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DIEP, deep inferior epigastric perforator; ERAS, enhanced recovery after surgery; GDFT, goal-directed fluid therapy; MAP, mean arterial pressure; msTRAM = muscle-sparing transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous. pTRAM = pedicled transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous.