Table 2.
Perioperative outcomes pre-ERP (pre-GDFT) and during ERP (GDFT).
| Total | Pre-ERP (pre-GDFT) | ERP (GDFT) | p-value* | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n=777) | (n=465) | (n=312) | |||||
| Intraoperative Outcomes | |||||||
| Anesthesia Length (hours) | 10.2 | 8.27– 12.00 | 10.4 | 8.40 – 12.1 | 9.97 | 7.98 – 11.6 | 0.021 |
| Total Fluids (mL) | 4500 | (3500–5700) | 5000 | (4000–6400) | 3750 | (3000–4500) | <0.001 |
| Total Fluid Administration Rate (mL/hr) | 448 | (371–530) | 500 | (429–575) | 376 | (321–442) | <0.001 |
| Total Crystalloid (mL) | 4000 | (3300–5200) | 4700 | (3900–6000) | 3500 | (2750–4000) | <0.001 |
| Crystalloid Infusion Rate (mL/hr) | 416 | (344–492) | 458 | (402–534) | 348 | (297–400) | <0.001 |
| Total Colloid (mL) | 250 | (0.00–500) | 250 | (0–750) | 250 | (0–500) | 0.016 |
| Colloid Infusion Rate (mL/hr) | 26.2 | (0.00–59.4) | 29.8 | (0–64.7) | 24.2 | (0–52.2) | 0.07 |
| Urine Output (mL) | 650 | (450–930) | 680 | (500–1000) | 600 | (403–850) | <0.001 |
| Total Urine Output Rate (mL/hr) | 63.3 | (47.7–89.5) | 65.9 | (50.5–95.5) | 59.1 | (44.8–81.7) | <0.001 |
| Estimated Blood Loss (mL) | 150 | (100.00–200.00) | 150 | (100–250) | 100 | (100–200) | <0.001 |
| Total Fluid Balance (mL) | 3770 | (2830–4850) | 4320 | (3450–5400) | 2965 | (2418–3843) | <0.001 |
| Vasopressors Administered | 310 | 39.90% | 163 | 35.10% | 147 | 47.10% | <0.001 |
| Phenylephrine Administered | 146 | 18.80% | 76 | 16.30% | 70 | 22.40% | 0.039 |
| Ephedrine Administered | 235 | 30.20% | 118 | 25.40% | 117 | 37.50% | <0.001 |
| Intraoperative Heart Rate | 74 | (67.0–80.0) | 74 | (68.0–80.0) | 73 | (66.0–79.0) | 0.03 |
| Intraoperative MAP | 70 | (67.0–74.0) | 71 | (67.0–75.0) | 69 | (66.0–72.0) | <0.001 |
| Intraoperative Thromboses | 6 | 0.77% | 4 | 0.86% | 2 | 0.64% | >0.95 |
| Postoperative Outcomes | |||||||
| Postoperative MAP | 85 | (77.7–93.3) | 85.7 | (79.0–95.3) | 83 | (76.0–91.3) | 0.006 |
| Postoperative Hematocrit (%) | 32 | (29.1–34.4) | 32.3 | (29.4–34.7) | 31.7 | (28.8–34.0) | 0.06 |
| Postoperative Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.7 | (0.60–0.80) | 0.7 | (0.60–0.80) | 0.7 | (0.60–0.80) | 0.003 |
| Postoperative Thromboses | 26 | 3.35% | 18 | 3.87% | 8 | 2.56% | 0.68 |
| Length of Stay (days) | 5 | (4.00–6.00) | 5 | (4–6) | 4 | (4–5) | <0.001 |
| Minor and/or Major Complication | 291 | 37.50% | 180 | 38.70% | 111 | 35.60% | 0.406 |
| 30-Day Major Complication | 111 | 14.30% | 70 | 15.10% | 41 | 13.10% | 0.467 |
| 30-Day Return to Operating Room | 79 | 10.20% | 46 | 9.90% | 33 | 10.60% | 0.809 |
| 30-Day Readmission to Hospital | 52 | 6.70% | 32 | 6.90% | 20 | 6.40% | 0.884 |
Continuous data are expressed as median (IQR). Categorical data are expressed as n (percent).
*
p value was calculated with Kruskal-Wallis (continuous) or Fisher’s exact test (categorical).
ERP indicates enhanced reovery pathway; GDFT, goal-directed fluid therapy; MAP, mean arterial pressure.