Table 1.
Comparison of demographics, clinical characteristics and treatments between severe COVID-19 patients groups.
| All patients (n = 66) | Survivors (n = 23) | Non-Survivors (n = 43) | P | Non Mechanical Ventilation (n = 26) | Mechanical Ventilation (n = 40) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic | |||||||
| Age, years | 62.94 (7–88) | 60.61 (37–87) | 64.19 (7–88) | 0.0066 | 61.04 (7–88) | 64.18 (42–84) | 0.1506 |
| <40 years | 2 (3.03 %) | 1 (4.34%) | 1 (2.32%) | 0.584 | 2 (7.69%) | 0 (0%) | 0.1659 |
| 40–60 years | 24 (36.36%) | 11 (47.82%) | 13 (30.23%) | 0.232 | 10 (38.46%) | 14 (35%) | 0.5163 |
| ≥60 years | 40 (60.6 %) | 11 (47.82%) | 29 (67.44%) | 0.0148 | 14 (53.84%) | 26 (65%) | 0.4046 |
| Sex | |||||||
| Female | 24 (36.36%) | 8 (34.78%) | 16 (37.2%) | 0.5321 | 10 (38.46%) | 14 (35%) | 0.5163 |
| Male | 42 (63.63%) | 15 (65.21%) | 27 (62.79%) | 16 (61.53%) | 26 (65%) | ||
| Comorbidities | |||||||
| Hypertension | 31 (46.96%) | 5 (21.73%) | 26 (60.46%) | 0.0012 | 7 (26.92%) | 24 (60%) | 0.001 |
| Diabetes | 23 (34.84%) | 5 (21.73%) | 18 (41.86%) | 0.0164 | 6 (23.07%) | 17 (42.5%) | 0.0493 |
| Asthma | 6 (9.09%) | 2 (8.69%) | 4 (9.3%) | 0.4367 | 2 (7.69%) | 4 (10%) | 0.4367 |
| Signs and symptoms at disease onset | |||||||
| Fever | 30 (45.45%) | 12 (52.17%) | 18 (41.86%) | 0.2512 | 12 (46.15%) | 18 (45%) | 0.2512 |
| Cough | 25 (37.87%) | 6 (26.08%) | 19 (44.18%) | 0.0268 | 7 (26.92%) | 18 (45%) | 0.0572 |
| Headache | 3 (4.54%) | 1 (4.34%) | 2 (4.65%) | 0.5952 | 1 (3.84%) | 2 (5%) | 0.5952 |
| Asthenia | 13 (19.69%) | 6 (26.08%) | 7 (16.27%) | 0.5453 | 6 (23.07%) | 7 (17.5%) | 0.5453 |
| Dyspnea | 31 (46.96%) | 12 (52.17%) | 19 (44.18%) | 0.2096 | 14 (53.84%) | 17 (42.5%) | 0.4133 |
| Flu Syndrome | 15 (22.72%) | 4 (17.39%) | 11 (25.58%) | 0.1197 | 4 (15.38%) | 11 (27.5%) | 0.1197 |
| Vital signs on admission | |||||||
| Heart rate, bpm | 91.02 (52–200) | 89.26 (60–200) | 91.97 (52–123) | 0.5421 | 90.9 (60–200) | 90.09 (52–123) | 0.4578 |
| Respiratory rate, per min | 27.71 (14–55) | 24.28 (14–40) | 29.71 (15–55) | 0.2782 | 25.56 (14–53) | 28.97 (15–55) | 0.3489 |
| SpO2, % | 92.81 (76–100) | 93.3 (50–100) | 91 (60–100) | 0.4584 | 92.91 (50–100) | 91.13 (60–100) | 0.5415 |
| PaCO2 | 39.58 (13–95) | 38.18 (13–76) | 40.31 (20–95) | 0.5643 | 38.16 (13–76) | 40.49 (20–95) | 0.5643 |
| PaO2 | 72.45 (36–190) | 74.96 (36–190) | 71.07 (37–136) | 0.4531 | 74.65 (36–190) | 70.97 (37–136) | 0.4531 |
| Lung Injury (%) | 61 (10–90) | 60 (10–90) | 62 (10–90) | 0.0008 | 56 (10–90) | 64 (15–90) | < 0.0001 |
| Oxygen support | |||||||
| Non-invasive ventilation | 58 (87.87%) | 17 (73.91%) | 41 (95.34%) | 0.3213 | 21 (80.76%) | 37 (92.5%) | 0.0588 |
| Mask oxygen | 63 (95.45%) | 22 (95.65%) | 41 (95.34%) | 0.5697 | 25 (96.15%) | 38 (95%) | 0.4771 |
| High flow oxygen | 35 (53.03%) | 12 (52.17%) | 23 (53.48%) | 0.5674 | 10 (38.46%) | 25 (62.5%) | 0.0289 |
| Mechanical ventilation (Invasive) | 40 (60.6%) | 3 (13.04%) | 37 (86.04%) | 0.001 | |||
| Treatment | |||||||
| Vitaminotherapy | 66 (100%) | 23 (100%) | 43 (100%) | 0.5724 | 26 (100%) | 40 (100%) | 0.5706 |
| Glucocorticoids | 54 (81.81%) | 16 (69.56%) | 38 (88.37%) | 0.3413 | 19 (73.07%) | 35 (87.5%) | 0.3888 |
| Antibiotic treatment | 62 (93.93%) | 21 (91.3%) | 41 (95.34%) | 0.528 | 23 (88.46%) | 39 (97.5%) | 0.4662 |
| Anticoagulation treatment | 55 (83.33%) | 15 (65.21%) | 40 (93.02%) | 0.2433 | 18 (69.23%) | 37 (92.5%) | 0.01 |
| Onset to admission, days | 14 (2–89) | 12 (2–74) | 15 (2–89) | 0.2933 | 14 (2–89) | 15 (2–76) | 0.3999 |
| Hospital stay, days | 11 (1–34) | 9 (1–30) | 11 (1–34) | 0.3761 | 9 (1–30) | 13 (2–34) | 0.183 |
| <14 | 41 (62.12%) | 17 (73.91%) | 24 (55.81%) | 0.3139 | 20 (76.92%) | 21 (52.5%) | 0.2256 |
| 14–21 | 18 (27.27%) | 4 (17.39%) | 14 (32.55%) | 0.2355 | 4 (15.38%) | 14 (35%) | 0.0461 |
| >21 | 7 (33.33%) | 2 (8.69%) | 5 (11.62%) | 0.5488 | 2 (7.69%) | 5 (12.5%) | 0.3235 |
| Survivors | 23 (34.84%) | 21 (80.76%) | 2 (5%) | 0.0005 | |||
| Non-Survivors | 43 (65.15%) | 5 (19.23%) | 38 (95%) | <0.0001 | |||
Data are presented as n (%) or mean (range), where n is the total number of patients with available data. p values comparing survivors and non-survivors or comparing non-mechanical ventilation and mechanical ventilation severe COVID-19 patients are from χ2 or Fisher’s exact test or the Unpaired t-test.