Table 3.
Effects of calcination temperature and time on sample weight, oxide layer thickness and adhesion of oxide layer (Duran et al. 2011)
| Calcination parameters | Wight gain/(%) | Thickness/(um) | ·Weight loss/(%)* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time/(h) | Temperature/(℃) | |||
| 20 | 850 | 1.6 | < 1 | 0.15 |
| 900 | 2.5 | 1–1.5 | 0.10 | |
| 950 | 5 | 1–2 | 0.30 | |
| 1000 | 15.9 | 1.5–3 | 0.30 | |
| 1050 | 22.5 | 1.5–3 | 0.30 | |
| Temperature/(℃) | Time/(h) | |||
| 900 | 1 | 0.58 | < 0.2 | 0.10 |
| 2 | 0.85 | 0.7 | 0.10 | |
| 5 | 1.41 | - | 0.15 | |
| 10 | 2.09 | 0.9 | 0.20 | |
| 20 | 2.5 | 1–1.5 | 0.1 | |
* The shedding rate of metal oxide layer under ultrasonic (40 kHz,160 W,60 min) test, which is measured by weight loss.