Figure 5.

Spermidine may participate in NIHL through activation of LC3B- and Beclin1-mediated autophagy via the β-alanine metabolism pathway and arginine and proline metabolism pathways. (a) Summary of the metabolites and corresponding regulation genes in the β-alanine metabolism pathway and arginine and proline metabolism pathways. (b) The relative mRNA expression of autophagy-related genes (LC3B and Beclin1). (c, d) Localization and expression levels of LC3B and Beclin1 proteins were detected by the immunofluorescence assay in the control group and noise group. The red and green fonts represent the up- and downregulation of differential metabolites in the solid line box; data are represented as mean ± SD. ^∗∗P < 0.01 compared to the control group.