Fig. 3. Example comparisons of (two-sided) phenotypic associations with QSM and T2* subcortical IDPs (region/phenotype pair shown if unadjusted P_QSM or P_T2* passed the Bonferroni-corrected threshold) using n = 35,273 participants.

a–e, Here, we display results for alcohol consumption (a and b), cardiac (c and d) and blood assays (e) categories. a,c, Bland–Altman plot showing comparisons of –log₁₀ (P) values for QSM and T2* associations with alcohol consumption (a) and cardiac (c) categories. b,d,e, Transformed Bland–Altman plot that aims to emphasize whether a given association is specific to QSM or T2* or is common to both. Each column represents one unique phenotype from the corresponding Bland–Altman plot, ordered from left to right by the number of associated regions. The vertical axis is given by the angle of each point in a Bland–Altman plot with respect to the y = 0 line. Hence, datapoints at the top (or bottom) of the plot represent an association that is highly specific to QSM (or T2*), and datapoints in the middle are phenotypes that associate with both QSM and T2* in a given brain region. The background color of each column represents the averaged –log₁₀ (P) value for significant associations with that phenotype. Unlike the Bland–Altman plot, this visualization emphasizes the modality specificity over the strength of correlation. For example, it is more apparent in b than in a that thalamus–alcohol associations are highly specific to QSM. Here, the three categories reveal more QSM-specific (a and c), T2*-specific (b and d) and mixed (e) association patterns.