Table 1.
Maternal and child characteristics of participants in the matched case-control analysis
| Measure | Total (n, %) |
|---|---|
| Maternal characteristics (n=526) | |
| Antenatal self-report smoking | 138 (26.2) |
| Postnatal self-reported smoking1 | 144 (27.7) |
| HIV-infected | 144 (27.4) |
| CD4 cell count (cells/ mm3) | |
| ≥ 500 | 46/110 (41.8) |
| 250–500 | 46/110 (41.8) |
| < 250 | 18/110 (16.4) |
| Member of household employed | 257 (48.9) |
| Household Income category <1000 per month [ZAR] |
201 (38.2) |
| 1000–5000 per month [ZAR] | 263 (50.0) |
| >5000 per month [ZAR] | 62 (11.8) |
| Birth charateristics (n=527 infants) | |
| Vaginal delivery | 420 (79.7) |
| Premature (<37 weeks gestation) | 89 (16.9) |
| Gestational age of preterm infants [median (IQR)] | 35 (32–36) |
| Duration of hospitalization after birth in preterm [median (IQR)] | 2 (1.0–18.5) |
| Child characteristics | |
| Male, n (%) | 281 (53.3) |
| Birth weight-for-age z score [median (IQR)] | –0.6 –(-1.3–0.1) |
| HIV-infected | 2 (0.4) |
| HIV-exposed uninfected | 142 (26.9) |
| Duration (months) exclusive breast feeding [median (IQR)] | 1.4 (0.5–3.0) |
| Vaccine coverage | |
| 6 weeks | 514/515 (99.8) |
| 10 weeks | 514/515 (99.8) |
| 14 weeks | 510/512 (99.6) |
| 9 months | 477/483 (98.8) |
IQR = Interquartile range; HIV = human immunodeficiency virus; ZAR= South African Rand
1
Six mothers did not have postnatal smoking status recorded