Fig. 2.
Prospective association between the gut microbiota and glycaemic traits. Prospective association of baseline gut microbiota with (a) fasting glucose, (b) HbA1c, (c) fasting insulin and (d) HOMA-IR. A total of 1829 participants were included in this analysis. A linear mixed-effects model was used to examine the prospective association of gut microbiota with the glycaemic traits fasting glucose, HbA1c, fasting insulin and HOMA-IR, adjusting for the baseline glycaemic traits, demographic, anthropometric and lifestyle confounders. We independently examined the gut microbiota/glycaemic trait association in the Northern and Southern populations, and combined the effect estimates from the two regions using random-effects meta-analysis. Associations are expressed as the difference in glycaemic traits (in SD units) per SD difference for each genus. Superscript letters (a to g) indicate that the marked gut microbial genera were associated with at least two glycaemic traits. A p value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. No individual gut microbial genera were found to be associated with glycaemic traits after adjusting for multiple testing