Table 1.
Baseline characteristics by baseline KDIGO risk category
| KDIGO risk categories | p valuea | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Moderately high risk | High risk | Very high risk | ||
| Number of participants, n (%) | 619 (14.4) | 1349 (31.3) | 2336 (54.3) | |
| Mean age, years (SD) | 61.4 (11.6) | 62.0 (12.0) | 61.9 (12.3) | 0.54 |
| Female sex, n (%) | 203 (32.8) | 417 (30.9) | 805 (34.5) | 0.09 |
| Race, n (%) | 0.001 | |||
| White | 355 (57.3) | 698 (51.7) | 1237 (52.9) | |
| Black | 32 (5.2) | 55 (4.1) | 104 (4.4) | |
| Asian | 164 (26.5) | 490 (36.3) | 813 (34.8) | |
| Other | 68 (11.0) | 106 (7.9) | 182 (7.8) | |
| Mean BMI, kg/m2 (SD) | 29.9 (6.1) | 29.4 (6.0) | 29.5 (6.2) | 0.17 |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 86 (13.9) | 192 (14.2) | 306 (13.1) | 0.86 |
| BP, mmHg | ||||
| Systolic | 136.4 (16.2) | 136.3 (16.9) | 137.7 (17.9) | 0.047 |
| Diastolic | 77.6 (9.7) | 77.8 (10.4) | 77.3 (10.7) | 0.47 |
| eGFR, ml min−1 [1.73 m]−2 | 62.7 (8.6) | 49.5 (6.3) | 34.2 (5.9) | <0.001 |
| HbA1c, mmol/mol | 57 (20.8) | 54 (19.7) | 52 (17.5) | <0.001 |
| HbA1c, % | 7.4 (1.9) | 7.1 (1.8) | 6.9 (1.6) | <0.001 |
| Haemoglobin, g/l (SD) | 134 (18) | 132 (18) | 125 (18) | <0.001 |
| Median UACR, mg/mmol (IQR) | 58.4 (30.0–147.4) | 93.1 (47.0–193.1) | 126.9 (68.6–242.8) | <0.001 |
| Median UACR, mg/g (IQR) | 517 (265–1304) | 824 (416–1709) | 1123 (607–2149) | <0.001 |
| Type 2 diabetes, n (%) | 470 (75.9) | 915 (67.8) | 1521 (65.1) | <0.001 |
| Cardiovascular disease, n (%) | 248 (40.1) | 492 (36.5) | 870 (37.2) | 0.30 |
| Medications | ||||
| ACE inhibitor/ARB, n (%) | 613 (99.0) | 1314 (97.4) | 2247 (96.2) | 0.001 |
| Diuretics, n (%) | 234 (37.8) | 538 (39.9) | 1110 (47.5) | <0.001 |
| GLP-1 receptor agonistsb, n (%) | 20 (4.3) | 31 (3.4) | 71 (4.7) | 0.31 |
| Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, n (%) | 24 (3.9) | 78 (5.8) | 127 (5.4) | 0.20 |
| Statin, n (%) | 245 (39.6) | 467 (34.6) | 886 (37.9) | 0.05 |
aStatistically significant differences across the three baseline KDIGO risk categories
bOnly in patients with diabetes (n = 2906)
ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide 1