Table 2.

Multivariable-adjusted^a associations between energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index (E-DII) and colorectal incident adenoma, recurrent adenoma, and colorectal cancer^b, Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) cancer screening trial, 1991 to 2009.

	Cases	E-DII quintiles					Ptrendc
		Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4	Q5
Any adenoma
E-DII from food and supplement	1177	Reference	0.80 (0.66, 0.97)	0.95 (0.79, 1.16)	0.82 (0.67, 1.00)	0.86 (0.69, 1.06)	0.27
E-DII from food only	1177	Reference	0.87 (0.72, 1.04)	0.77 (0.63, 0.94)	0.75 (0.60, 0.94)	0.82 (0.64, 1.05)	0.06
Advanced adenoma
E-DII from food and supplement	279	Reference	0.95 (0.64, 1.40)	1.19 (0.79, 1.78)	0.93 (0.61, 1.42)	1.29 (0.83, 2.01)	0.35
E-DII from food only	279	Reference	1.50 (1.02, 2.20)	0.94 (0.61, 1.45)	1.03 (0.64, 1.66)	1.30 (0.77, 2.18)	0.95
Any recurrent adenoma
E-DII from food and supplement	895	Reference	1.08 (0.86, 1.32)	1.23 (0.99, 1.53)	1.16 (0.92, 1.42)	1.63 (1.28, 2.03)	<0.001
E-DII from food only	895	Reference	1.25 (1.03, 1.56)	1.12 (0.90, 1.42)	1.23 (0.96, 1.57)	1.16 (0.90, 1.53)	0.46
Advanced recurrent adenoma
E-DII from food and supplement	229	Reference	1.10 (0.72, 1.69)	1.06 (0.67, 1.65)	1.08 (0.70, 1.73)	1.68 (1.05, 2.63)	0.03
E-DII from food only	229	Reference	1.20 (0.76, 1.79)	1.10 (0.69, 1.72)	1.27 (0.80, 2.03)	0.95 (0.53, 1.66)	0.96
Colorectal cancer
E-DII from food and supplement	1022	Reference	1.21 (0.99, 1.48)	1.10 (0.89, 1.35)	1.26 (1.03, 1.55)	1.34 (1.09, 1.65)	0.009
E-DII from food only	1022	Reference	0.93 (0.76, 1.13)	1.07 (0.88, 1.30)	1.14 (0.94, 1.38)	1.06 (0.86, 1.30)	0.17
Proximal colorectal cancer
E-DII from food and supplement	601	Reference	1.02 (0.79, 1.33)	0.89 (0.67, 1.17)	1.22 (0.93, 1.61)	0.99 (0.75, 1.29)	0.69
E-DII from food only	601	Reference	0.91 (0.70, 1.18)	1.08 (0.83, 1.41)	1.03 (0.79, 1.33)	1.07 (0.81, 1.42)	0.41
Distal colorectal cancer
E-DII from food and supplement	421	Reference	1.34 (0.97, 1.88)	1.39 (1.00, 1.94)	1.65 (1.19, 2.28)	1.79 (1.28, 2.48)	<0.001
E-DII from food only	421	Reference	1.05 (0.76, 1.49)	1.38 (1.01, 1.90)	1.44 (1.05, 1.97)	1.43 (1.04, 1.97)	0.006

E-DII Energy-Adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index, NSAIDs non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

^aAdjusted for age (continuous), energy intake (continuous), gender (male, female), body mass index (continuous), smoking status (current, former, never), alcohol drinking status (current, former, never), marital status (single, married, divorced or separated, widowed), educational level (less than high school, high school graduate or equivalent, post-high school education, college education or higher), physical activity (active less than one time per month, active at least one time per month), family history of colorectal cancer (yes, no) and NSAIDs use status (yes, no). Multivariable-adjusted Cox hazards regressions for colorectal cancer further adjusted trial arm (intervention group, control group).

^bDQX was used to calculate E-DII scores for analyses on incident adenoma and recurrent adenoma, DHQ was employed for E-DII calculation on analyses of colorectal cancer.

^cLinear trends across quintiles of E-DII scores were tested by modelling the median value in each quintile as a continuous variable in Cox regression.