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. 2022 Jun 7;12:9413. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-13496-4

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Differences in alpha diversity indices among groups shown by a boxplot. (A) Observed species, (B) Shannon index, (C) Chao1 index, and (D) Faith’s phylogenetic diversity across three time points. Boxes represent the interquartile ranges (IQRs) among M, Day 4, and Day 7, while the horizontal lines inside the boxes define the medians. Whiskers represent the lowest and highest values within 1.5 times the IQR. Small circle symbols in (A), (C), and (D) indicate outliers (values greater than 1.5 times and less than three times the IQR). Generated by using R Software²⁴.