Table 1.

Conversion of ricinoleic acid (1) into (Z)-heptadec-9-en-7-ol (2) by CvFAP under green light.

Enzyme types	[Product (2)] (μM)		TON of DPA	TON of CvFAP
	w/o PtOEP:DPA@PS	With PtOEP:DPA@PS
Purifieda	140 ± 28	290 ± 50	15	25
Whole-cellsb	550 ± 45	980 ± 40	86	72
	550 ± 45	1300 ± 104	50	125

^aThe reactions were performed by the purified CvFAP in the absence and presence of the PtOEP:DPA@PS nanoparticles, which are involved in light upconversion from green to blue light. Reaction conditions: c(Ricinoleic acid) = 5 mM, c(CvFAP) = 6 μM, c(DPA) = 10 μM, illumination with green light (λ = 550 nm).

^bThe reactions were performed by the recombinant E. coli cells expressing CvFAP in the absence and presence of the PS nanoparticles. Reaction conditions: c(Ricinoleic acid) = 5 mM, c(E. coli) = 7.2 g_CDW L^-1 (c(CvFAP) = ca. 6 μM), c(DPA) = 5 μM (up) or 15 μM (down). The TONs were calculated based on the product concentration at t = 420 min.