Table 3. Summary of AMRI Studies Performed in a Surveillance Setting.
| Study | Year | Study Design | Country | Sample Size | M/C Etiology (%) | LC (%) | HCC (%) | Sens (%) | Spec (%) | Detected HCC Size (cm) | Sequences | Sequence Details | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.5T* | 3T* | |||||||||||||
| HBP-AMRI | ||||||||||||||
| Marks et al. [51] | 2015 | R | USA | 298 | HCV (51.0) | NR | 16.4 | 83.7 | 93.2 | 1.0–1.9: 28.6%, ≥ 2.0: 71.4% | HBP | |||
| DWI (FB) | b = 0, 300–400 | b = 0, 500–600 | ||||||||||||
| T2WI | TE 78–120 | TE 68–97 | ||||||||||||
| Tillman et al. [52] | 2018 | R | USA | 79 | HBV (41.8) | 64.6 | 16.5 | 85.2 | NR | Median, 2.1 (range, 1.1–10) | HBP | |||
| T2WI | TE 90–95 | TE 80–90 | ||||||||||||
| Brunsing et al. [16] | 2019 | R | USA | 141 | HCV (42.6) | 92.9 | 8.5 | 92.0 | 91.0 | Range, 1.1–4.3 | HBP | |||
| DWI (FB) | - | b = 0–50, 500, 1000 | ||||||||||||
| T2WI | - | TE 70–100 | ||||||||||||
| Vietti Violi et al. [17] | 2020 | R | USA | 237 | HCV (25.7) | 87.3 | 5.5 | 80.8 | 94.9 | Mean, 3.4 (range, 1–12) | HBP | |||
| DWI (FB) | b = 50, 400, 800 | b = 50, 400, 800 | ||||||||||||
| T2WI | TE 227–240 | TE 180–228 | ||||||||||||
| Park et al. [53] | 2021 | R | Korea | 382 | HBV (72.3) | 100.0 | 11.3 | 86.0 | 95.6 | Mean, 1.6 | HBP | |||
| DWI (RT) | b = 0, 50, 500 | - | ||||||||||||
| T2WI | TE 154 | - | ||||||||||||
| DCE-AMRI | ||||||||||||||
| Vietti Violi et al. [17] | 2020 | R | USA | 237 | HCV (25.7) | 87.3 | 5.5 | 84.6 | 99.8 | Mean, 3.4 (range, 1–12) | T1w DCE | Gadoxetic acid | Gadoxetic acid | |
| T2WI | TE 227–240 | TE 180–228 | ||||||||||||
| NE-AMRI | ||||||||||||||
| Sutherland et al. [77] | 2017 | P | Australia | 192 | HBV (56.0) | NR | 3.0 | 83.0 | 98.0 | Range, 0.8–3.1 | DWI (RT) | b = 100, 400, 800† | ||
| Vietti Violi et al. [17] | 2020 | R | USA | 237 | HCV (25.7) | 87.3 | 5.5 | 61.5 | 95.5 | Mean, 3.4 (range, 1–12) | DWI (FB) | b = 50, 400, 800 | b = 50, 400, 800 | |
| T2WI | TE 227–240 | TE 180–228 | ||||||||||||
| Park et al. [27] | 2020 | R | Korea | 382 | HBV (72.3) | 100.0 | 11.3 | 79.1 | 97.9 | Mean, 1.6 | DWI (RT) | b = 0, 50, 500 | - | |
| T2WI | TE 154 | - | ||||||||||||
| Ahmed et al. [82] | 2020 | P | Egypt | 41 | HCV (100.0) | 100.0 | 24.3 | 100.0 | 100.0 | NR | DWI (NR) | b = 0, 200, 800 | - | |
| T2WI | NR | - | ||||||||||||
| Choi et al. [81]‡ | 2020 | P | Korea | 161 | HBV (72.3) | 100.0 | 19.3 | 71.0 | NR | NR | DWI (NR) | - | b = 0, 50, 500 | |
| T2WI | - | NR | ||||||||||||
| T1W IP/OP | ||||||||||||||
*TE in msec and b-value in s/mm2, †Field strength was not reported, ‡Diagnostic performance from three repetitive rounds of annual NE-AMRI. AMRI = abbreviated MRI, AP = arterial phase, DCE = dynamic contrast enhanced, DWI = diffusion-weighted imaging, FB = free-breathing, HBP = hepatobiliary-phase, HBV = Hepatitis B virus, HCC = hepatocellular carcinoma, HCV = Hepatitis C virus, IP/OP = in/opposed phases, LC = prevalence of liver cirrhosis, M/C = most common, NE = non-enhanced, NR = not reported, P = prospective, PVP = portal venous phase, R = retrospective, RT = respiratory triggered, Sens = sensitivity, Spec = specificity, TE = echo time, TP = transitional phase, TR = repetition time