TABLE 3.

Effects of total knee arthroplasty on maximal isometric strength normalized to kilograms of body mass or BMI, considering different time periods of post-surgery evaluation.

Independent variables	ES	SE	95% CI	Z	p	n	I2 [%] (p)
3 days after TKA
Fixed effect	–2.65	0.61	-3.85 to -1.46	–4.35	< 0.001	1	0.0 (1.0)
14 days after TKA
Fixed effect	–1.77	0.18	-2.13 to -1.41	–9.58	< 0.001
Random effect	–1.77	0.18	-2.13 to -1.41	–9.58	< 0.001	4	0.0 (0.425)
24–30 days after TKA
Fixed effect	–1.22	0.11	-1.42 to -1.01	–11.50	< 0.001
Random effect	–1.47	0.27	-2.01 to -0.94	–5.43	< 0.001	14	81.09 (<0.001)
One and a half month to 3 months after TKA
Fixed effect	–0.34	0.07	-0.48 to -0.20	–4.86	< 0.001
Random effect	–0.38	0.11	-0.60 to -0.17	–3.51	< 0.001	20	51.8 (0.004)
6 months after TKA
Fixed effect	0.37	0.06	0.25 to 0.50	5.78	< 0.001
Random effect	0.28	0.15	-0.02 to 0.59	1.86	0.063	14	79.02 (<0.001)
12 months after TKA
Fixed effect	0.90	0.09	0.72 to 1.07	10.11	< 0.001
Random effect	0.77	0.24	0.30 to 1.24	3.23	0.001	10	84.81 (<0.001)
24 months after TKA
Fixed effect	1.64	0.14	1.37 to 1.92	11.70	< 0.001
Random effect	1.64	0.14	1.37 to 1.92	11.70	< 0.001	2	0.0 (0.768)
60 months after TKA
Fixed effect	1.68	0.14	1.40 to 1.96	11.79	< 0.001
Random effect	1.68	0.14	1.40 to 1.96	11.79	< 0.001	2	0.0 (0.512)

CI, confidence interval; ES, effect size; I², index of heterogeneity; n, number of included studies in analysis; SE, standard error; P, significance level; Q, test statistics.