Table 2.
Changes in screening mammography quarterly volumes in the pre-COVID-19, peak COVID-19, and COVID-19 recovery periods by patient and facility demographics
| Variable | Pre-COVID-19 |
Peak COVID-19 |
COVID-19 Recovery |
Pre-COVID-19 vs Peak COVID-19 |
Peak COVID-19 vs COVID-19 Recovery |
Pre-COVID-19 vs COVID-19 Recovery |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Facility Median (IQR) | Total n | Facility Median (IQR) | Total n | Facility Median (IQR) | Total n | Facility P Value | Total Change % | Facility P Value | Total Change % | Facility P Value | Total Change % | |
| Age group | ||||||||||||
| <40 y | 14 (4-25) | 7,922 | 5 (2-10) | 2,936 | 11 (4-24) | 7,055 | <0.001 | 37.1 | <0.001 | 240.3 | 0.172 | 89.1 |
| 40-49 y | 247 (110-468) | 142,207 | 88 (39-181) | 52,377 | 242 (110-409) | 128,369 | <0.001 | 36.8 | <0.001 | 245.1 | 0.131 | 90.3 |
| 50-59 y | 329 (144-607) | 189,226 | 119 (48-225) | 68,741 | 272 (128-496) | 158,123 | <0.001 | 36.3 | <0.001 | 230.0 | 0.017 | 83.6 |
| 60-69 y | 334 (149-642) | 194,679 | 109 (53-237) | 70,686 | 279 (135-537) | 163,760 | <0.001 | 36.3 | <0.001 | 231.7 | 0.017 | 84.1 |
| 70-79 y | 192 (79-393) | 117,886 | 67 (27-144) | 43,181 | 164 (72-330) | 101,003 | <0.001 | 36.6 | <0.001 | 233.9 | 0.021 | 85.7 |
| ≥80 y | 43 (17-89) | 26,969 | 11 (5-29) | 8,689 | 30 (13-67) | 20,526 | <0.001 | 32.2 | <0.001 | 236.2 | 0.001 | 76.1 |
| Race | ||||||||||||
| Asian | 0 (0-26) | 14,705 | 0 (0-7) | 4,181 | 0 (0-20) | 10,664 | 0.002 | 28.4 | 0.018 | 255.1 | 0.2145 | 72.5 |
| Black | 2 (0-58) | 32,163 | 0 (0-18) | 10,627 | 1 (0-43) | 24,717 | 0.001 | 33.0 | 0.021 | 232.6 | 0.157 | 76.8 |
| Native American, Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander | 0 (0-4) | 3,405 | 0 (0-1) | 2,479 | 0 (0-4) | 4,538 | <0.001 | 72.8 | <0.001 | 183.1 | 0.421 | 133.3 |
| White | 152 (0-862) | 243,520 | 44 (0-262) | 83,897 | 76 (0-663) | 191,245 | <0.001 | 34.5 | 0.002 | 228.0 | 0.123 | 78.5 |
| Unknown | 422 (84-1,209) | 385,095 | 141 (23-478) | 145,426 | 420 (71-1,079) | 347,672 | <0.001 | 37.8 | <0.001 | 239.1 | 0.189 | 90.3 |
| Community type | ||||||||||||
| Metropolitan (>100,000 persons) | 1,839 (805-3,218) | 397,037 | 646 (222-1,235) | 144,170 | 1,539 (729-2,904) | 347,318 | <0.001 | 36.3 | <0.001 | 240.9 | 0.124 | 87.5 |
| Suburban/small (50,000-100,000 persons) | 1,213 (766-1,905) | 226,200 | 432 (234-694) | 77,598 | 990 (589-1,544) | 180,933 | <0.001 | 34.3 | <0.001 | 233.2 | 0.010 | 80.0 |
| Rural (<50,000 persons) | 391 (139-939) | 55,653 | 167 (71-423) | 24,842 | 323 (160-748) | 50,585 | <0.001 | 44.6 | <0.001 | 203.6 | 0.454 | 90.9 |
| Facility type | ||||||||||||
| Academic/university | 1,475 (719-3,841) | 73,164 | 510 (243-1,287) | 22,231 | 1,221 (667-2,507) | 58,027 | <0.001 | 30.4 | 0.002 | 261.0 | 0.188 | 79.3 |
| Community hospital | 1,290 (402-2,227) | 286,548 | 410 (133-796) | 102,767 | 820 (239-1,881) | 231,914 | <0.001 | 35.9 | <0.001 | 225.7 | 0.028 | 80.9 |
| Multispecialty clinic | 835 (450-2,022) | 46,341 | 264 (135-657) | 15,954 | 781 (492-1,504) | 43,143 | <0.001 | 34.4 | <0.001 | 270.4 | 0.451 | 93.1 |
| Freestanding imaging center | 1,183 (627-2,093) | 252,863 | 457 (213-778) | 97,591 | 1,148 (677-1,794) | 224,701 | <0.001 | 38.6 | <0.001 | 230.2 | 0.233 | 88.9 |
| Region | ||||||||||||
| Northeast | 1,209 (516-1,780) | 162,705 | 378 (167-601) | 50,486 | 955 (446-1,575) | 138,814 | <0.001 | 31.0 | <0.001 | 275.0 | 0.076 | 85.3 |
| Midwest | 997 (584-2,185) | 172,423 | 342 (175-691) | 59,834 | 852 (465-1,769) | 140,220 | <0.001 | 34.7 | <0.001 | 234.3 | 0.084 | 81.3 |
| South | 1,260 (563-2,379) | 160,976 | 602 (221-987) | 67,588 | 1,193 (602-2,009) | 137,475 | <0.001 | 42.0 | <0.001 | 203.4 | 0.254 | 85.4 |
| West | 1,281 (462-2,888) | 182,786 | 488 (151-1,192) | 68,702 | 1,164 (324-2,271) | 162,327 | <0.001 | 37.6 | <0.001 | 236.3 | 0.222 | 88.8 |
Note: Facility refers to the median and IQR for facilities. Total refers to the total reported at all facilities. Facility P value compares the metrics at the facility level. Statistical significance was defined as a P value of .01 for encounters greater than 10,000 and .05 for encounters less than 10,000. Statistically significant values are in boldface type. Total change refers to the second comparator group divided by the first comparator group as a percentage. COVID-19 = coronavirus disease 2019; IQR = interquartile range.